Kate Chopin

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Katherine O'Flaherty (born in the United States, 1910-1904) was an American writer of short stories and novels based in Louisiana.

Some scholars now consider her to have been a forerunner of American twentieth-century feminist writers of Southern or Catholic origins, such as Zelda Fitzgerald, and she is one of Louisiana Creole literature's most widely read and recognized writers. Chopin was born in St. Louis, Missouri, and was of maternal French and paternal Irish descent.

She married and moved with her husband to New Orleans.

They later lived in Cloutierville, Louisiana, where they later resided in the United States.

Chopin wrote short stories for both children and adults that were published in such national magazines as Atlantic Monthly, Vogue, The Century Magazine, and The Youth's Companion, from 1892 to 1895.

Her books sparked controversy due to their subjects and their approach; by some commentators, they had been branded immoral. Bayou Folk (1894) and A Night in Acadie (1897), two short story collections, were among her main works.

"Désirée's Baby" (1893), a tale of miscegenation in antebellum Louisiana, "The Story of an Hour" (1894), and "The Wind" (1898).

Bayou Folk.Chopin wrote two books, "The Storm" (1990) and "The Awakening (1899), set in New Orleans and Grand Isle respectively, and "At the Cadian Ball," which appeared in her first collection of short stories.

The characters in her books are mainly residents of Louisiana, and many are Creoles of various ethnic or racial origins.

Many of her exhibits are located in Natchitoches, Louisiana, where she lived. Chopin was widely regarded as one of the finest writers of her day within a decade of her death.

Fred Lewis Pattee wrote in 1915, "some of [Chopin's] work is equal to the best that has been produced in France or even in America."

[She displayed] what may be described as a native aptitude for narration, which was almost identical to genius."

Life

Katherine O'Flaherty was born in St. Louis, Missouri, and Chopin was named after her father, Henry O'Flaherty. Thomas O'Flaherty, her father, was a successful businessman who had immigrated from Galway, Ireland, to the United States. Eliza Faris, his mother, was his second marriage and a well-connected member of the ethnic French community in St. Louis, as the daughter of Athéna Charleville, a French creole of French Canadian descent. A descendant of Chopin's ancestors lived on Dauphin Island, Alabama, as one of the early European (French) inhabitants.

Kate was the third of five children, but her siblings died in infancy and her half-brothers (from her father's first marriage) died in their early 20s. They were raised Roman Catholic in the French and Irish traditions. She also became an avid reader of fairy tales, poetry, religious allegories, and classic and contemporary fiction. In 1868, she graduated from Sacred Heart Convent in St. Louis.

She was taken to Sacred Heart Academy, where she learned how to manage her own money and make her own decisions at the age of five, as the nuns intended. She was taken home to live with her grandmother and great-grandmother, a group of three generations of women who were widowed young and never remarried after her father's death. Victoria (or Victoire) Charleville, a woman who taught French, music, history, gossip, and the importance of living without fear, she was tutored at home for two years. Kate returned to Sacred Heart Academy, which her best friend and neighbor, Kitty Garesche, also attended, and where her mentor, Mary O'Meara, taught for two years. O'Meara, a gifted writer of both verse and prose, encouraged her student to write regularly, to assess herself critically, and to live vainly. The Civil War brought Kate and Kitty's first communions in May 1861 to St. Louis. Kate's half-brother died of fever during the war, and her great-grandmother died as well. After the war ended, Kitty and her family were banned from St. Louis for helping the Confederacy.

On June 8, 1870, she married Oscar Chopin and settled with him in New Orleans, Missouri. The Chopins had six children between 1871 and 1879, in order of birth, Jean Baptiste, Oscar Charles, George Francis, Frederick, Felix Andrew, and Lélia (baptized Marie Laza). Oscar Chopin's cotton brokerage failed in 1879.

The family left the city and moved to Cloutierville, south of McKeoches Parish, to work on a few small plantations and a general store; Chopin discovered a lot of information for her future writing in the local creole community.

Oscar Chopin died in 1882, leaving Kate $42,000 in debt (approximately $1.18 million in 2022). Emily Toth wrote, "For a while the widow Kate ran his [Oscar's] company and flirted sexually with local guys; [she even had a relationship with a married farmer." Although Chopin attempted to make her late husband's plantation and general store thrive, two years later, she sold her Louisiana company.

Chopin's mother had begged her to return to St. Louis, which she did, with her mother's financial assistance. Chopin's children's lives settled into life in the burgeoning city, but Chopin's mother died the following year.

Chopin's mother suffered with depression after her husband's death, her company, and her husband all fell into chaos. Dr. Frederick Kolbenheyer, Chopin's obstetrician and family friend, suggested that she start writing, claiming that it might be therapeutic for her. She knew that writing could be a tool for her extraordinary energy as well as a source of income.

Chopin's short stories, articles, and translations were published in periodicals, including the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, as well as various literary journals by the early 1890s. She was considered a regional writer who brought regional life to a period of high-profile publishing of folk tales, works in dialect, and other aspects of Southern folk life. Her literary abilities were ignored.

The Awakening, her second book, was published in 1899. Some newspaper commentators praised the book. However, the critical reception was largely dismissive. The critics investigated the novel's characters, particularly the women, and Chopin's general treatment of female sexuality, motherhood, and marital infidelity, arguing that moral conduct and therefore offensive are in violation with prevailing moral conduct and hence offensive.

This book, her best-known work, is about a woman who is trapped within the confines of an oppressive culture. It was revived in the 1970s, when there was a rash of new research and admiration of women's writings. It had been out of print for many decades. The book has been reprinted and is now widely available. It has been lauded for its writing quality and importance as an early feminist movement of the South.

According to critics, such performances as The Awakening were scandalous and therefore not socially accepted. Chopin was dissatisfied by the lack of recognition, but she continued to write, focusing on the short story. She wrote "The Gentleman from New Orleans" in 1900. In the first edition of Marquis Who's Who?, she was listed in the same year. Nevertheless, she never made much money from her writing, instead relying on the investments she made locally in Louisiana and St. Louis of the inheritance from her mother's estate.

Chopin died of a brain hemorrhage while attending the St. Louis World's Fair on August 20, 1904. She died two days later, at the age of 54. She was laid to rest in St. Louis' Calvary Cemetery.

Source

Honors and awards

• Her home with Oscar Chopin in Cloutierville was built by Alexis Cloutier in the early part of the 19th century. In the late 20th century, the house was designated as the Kate Chopin House, a National Historic Landmark (NHL), because of her literary significance. The house was adapted for use as the Bayou Folk Museum. On October 1, 2008, the house was destroyed by a fire, with little left but the chimney.
• In 1990, Chopin was honored with a star on the St. Louis Walk of Fame.
• In 2012, she was commemorated with an iron bust of her head at the Writer's Corner in the Central West End neighborhood of St. Louis, across the street from Left Bank Books.