Harry Hopkins

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Harry Lloyd Hopkins (August 17, 1890 – January 29, 1946) was an American social worker and President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's top advisor on foreign policy during World War II. He was one of the New Deal's architects, particularly the Works Progress Administration (WPA), which he directed and built into the country's largest employer.

He was Roosevelt's top diplomatic troubleshooter and liaison with Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin in World War II.

He oversaw the Allies' $50 billion Lend Lease program. Hopkins, who was born in Iowa, has moved to New York City after graduating from Grinnell College.

He accepted a position with the Bureau of Child Welfare of New York City and worked with various social work and public health agencies.

In 1923, he was elected president of the National Association of Social Workers.

Jesse I. Straus, a 1931 native of New York's Temporary Emergency Relief Administration, recruited Hopkins as the executive director of the Temporary Emergency Relief Administration.

After winning in the 1932 presidential election, Hopkins' leadership captured Roosevelt's interest, then governor of New York, and Roosevelt brought Hopkins into his administration.

Hopkins oversaw the Federal Emergency Relief Administration, the Civil Works Administration, and the Works Progress Administration.

He served as Secretary of Commerce from 1938 to 1940. During WWII, Hopkins served as both a vital foreign policy strategist and diplomat. Winston Churchill, a key policy maker in Lend-Lease's $50 billion aid to the Allies, dedicates a panegyric to the "natural leader of men" who had "a flaming soul."

Hopkins dealt with "priorities, manufacturing, and political issues with allies, as well as a plan that might be troubling the president."

He attended the major conferences of the Allied powers, including the Cairo Conference, the Tehran Conference, the Casablanca Conference, and the Yalta Conference.

Hopkins died in 1946 at the age of 55, after his health deteriorated after 1939 due to stomach cancer.

Early life

Hopkins was born on 512 Tenth Street in Sioux City, Iowa, the fourth child of four sons and one daughter of David Aldona and Anna (née Pickett) Hopkins. His father, who was born in Bangor, Maine, operated a harness shop (after an erratic career as a salesman, prospector, and bowling-alley operator), but it was then that he returned to it as a business. Anna Hopkins, a native of Hamilton, Ontario, had immigrated to Vermillion, South Dakota, where she married David. She was deeply religious and active in the church's affairs. The family migrated quickly after Harry's birth to Council Bluffs, Iowa, and Kearney and Hastings, Nebraska. They spent two years in Chicago and then settled in Grinnell, Iowa.

Hopkins attended Grinnell College and later after his 1912 graduation, he worked with Christodora House, a social settlement house in New York City's Lower East Side ghetto. He accepted a position as a "friendly visitor" and superintendent of the New York Association for Improving the Result of the Poor (AICP) in the spring of 1913 as a "friendly visitor" and superintendent of the Work Bureau within the AICP's Department of Family Welfare. Hopkins and the AICP's William Matthews, with $5,000 from Elizabeth Milbank Anderson's Milbank Memorial Fund, established the Bronx Park Employment Service, one of the country's first public employment services during the 1915 recession.

Personal life

Hopkins married Ethel Gross (1886–1976), a Hungarian-Jewish immigrant active in New York City's Progressive Movement, in 1913. They had three sons, David, Robert, and Stephen (they had lost an infant daughter to whooping cough in 1930), and although Gross divorced Hopkins in 1930 shortly before Hopkins became a public figure, the two men maintained a close correspondence until 1945. Barbara Duncan, who died of cancer six years later, was married in 1931 by Hopkins. Diana (1932-2020), their only daughter, had one child. In 1942, Hopkins married Louise Gill Macy (1906-1963) in the White House's Yellow Oval Room. Macy was a divorced, gregarious former editor for Harper's Bazaar. At Roosevelt's behest, the two people continued to live at the White House at Roosevelt's behest, but Louise later demanded a house of their own. Hopkins, who died in the White House on December 21, 1943, married his wife in a Georgetown townhouse.

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