Gareth Jones

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Gareth Richard Vaughan Jones (1905-39), a Welsh journalist who first published in the Western world, without equivocation and under his own name, as the Soviet famine of 1932-1933, which included the Holodomor, was announced.

Malcolm Muggeridge, who wrote as an anonymous reporter, had earlier columns in the Manchester Guardian.

Early life and education

Jones, a native of Barry, Glamorgan, attended Barry County School, where his father, Major Edgar Jones, was headmaster until 1933. Annie Gwen Jones, his mother, had served in Ukraine as a mentor to Arthur Hughes, son of Welsh steel industrialist John Hughes, who founded the town of Hughesovka, modern-day Donetsk, in Ukraine.

Jones earned a first-class honours degree in French from the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth in 1926. He studied at the University of Strasbourg and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated in 1929 with another first in French, German, and Russian. Hugh Fraser Stewart, one of Jones' teachers', wrote in The Times that Jones had been a "extraordinary jargonist." He was involved in the Cambridge University League of Nations Union, serving as its assistant secretary.

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Career

Jones taught languages at Cambridge for a short time before returning to Cambridge in January 1930 as Foreign Affairs Advisor, replacing British Prime Minister David Lloyd George, thanks to Thomas Jones' introduction. The article required the preparation of notes and briefings that Lloyd George might use in essays, papers, and speeches, as well as some travel abroad.

Jones, a 1929 freelance reporter, became a freelance writer and began submitting articles to a number of newspapers and journals by 1930.

Jones was in Germany reporting the Nazi Party's ascension to power in late January and early February 1933, and he was in Leipzig on the day Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor. Jones became one of the first international journalists to fly with Hitler and Joseph Goebbels in Frankfurt, Germany, a few days later, on the new Chancellor's triumphant acclamation in the city. In the Welsh Western Mail, he wrote that if the Richthofen had crashed, Europe's history would have changed.

Jones was to the Soviet Union twice in the summer of 1930 and in 1931's summer. He had reported the findings of each journey in his published journalism, including three articles titled "The Two Russias" in The Times in 1930, and three more detailed articles in The Times in October 1931 that chronicled the starvation of peasants in Soviet Ukraine and Southern Russia.

For a third and final time, he came to the Soviet Union in March 1933, and the emigrant escaped into the Ukrainian SSR on March 7th, where he held diaries of the man-made starvation he witnessed. On his return to Berlin on March 29, he released his press release, which had been distributed in many newspapers, including The Manchester Guardian and the New York Evening Post.

Several senior American journalists, including Walter Duranty and Eugene Lyons, had sluggishly revealed the truth in order to please the draconian Soviet regime, condemned this article. The New York Times published a denial of Jones' comment under the heading "Russians Hungry, But Not Starving" on March 31. Jones' book, according to Duranty, was "a big scary tale." Timothy Snyder, a historian, has stated that "Duranty's assertion that there was "no true starvation," but that "spread mortality from illness due to hunger" was echoed by Soviet usages and pushed euphemism into mendacity. This was an Orwellian distinction, and in fact, George Orwell himself regarded the Ukrainian famine of 1933 as a prime example of a black truth that writers of language had painted with vibrant shades."

Kremlin sources denied the existence of a famine in the story; "Russian and International Observers in Country See No Ground for Predictors of Disaster" is part of The New York Times' headline.

Jones detailed the famine in the Financial News on April 11, 1933, pointing out the main reasons: forced forced collection of private farms, the Kulaks' removal of 6–7 million workers (the Kulaks) from their land, increased "export of foodstuffs" from the USSR.

The New York Times published a scathing rebuttal of Duranty from Jones, who stood by his findings, on May 13:

Jones, a Soviet Foreign Commissar Maxim Litvinov (whom Jones had interviewed while in Moscow), told Lloyd George that he had been barred from ever visiting the Soviet Union.

According to his great-nephew Nigel Linsan Colley's last work after his Ukraine articles, Jones could only get to Cardiff on the Western Mail covering "arts, crafts, and coracles." But he was able to secure an interview with William Randolph Hearst, the American press magnate. Jones' account of what happened in Ukraine prompted him to do the disillusioned American Communist Fred Beal's almost identical eyewitness testimony. Also arranged a lecture and broadcast tour of the United States.

Jones, who had been barred from the Soviet Union, turned his attention to the Far East, and in late 1934, he left Britain for a "Round the World Fact-Finding Tour." He stayed in Japan for six weeks, interviewing influential generals and politicians, and then to Beijing. Herbert Müller, a German journalist, travelled to Inner Mongolia in the company of a German journalist. The pair were told by Japanese forces that there were three routes back to Kalgan, but only one of which was safe.

Jones and Müller were later arrested by rebels who demanded a ransom of 200 Mauser rifles and 100,000 Chinese dollars (roughly equivalent to about £8,000). Müller was released after two days to arrange for the ransom to be paid. Jones' father was telegrammed on August 1: "Well treated." "We're coming back soon." The Times announced on August 5th that the kidnappers had relocated Jones to a ten-mile (16 kilometers) southeast of Kuyuan and were now charging 10,000 Chinese dollars (roughly £800), and then he was escorted to Jehol, this time to Jehol. The first group of kidnappers had handed him over to a second group of abductions on August 8, and the ransom had risen to 100,000 Chinese dollars. Both the Chinese and Japanese governments tried to contact the kidnappers.

Lloyd George is reported to have said:

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