Erna Schneider Hoover

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According to various sources, Erna Schneider Hoover (born June 19,1926) is an American mathematician who pioneered a computerized telephone switching device that "revolutionized modern communication."

During peak calling times, it prevented system overloads by monitoring call center traffic and prioritizing tasks on phone switching systems in order to ensure more efficient operation during peak calling times.

Hoover, who worked at Bell Laboratories for more than 32 years, was known as a key pioneer for women in the field of computer science.

Early life

Erna Schneider was born in Irvington, New Jersey, on June 19, 1926. Her family lived in South Orange, New Jersey, where her father was a dentist and her mother was a teacher. She had a younger brother who died of polio at the age of five. She loved swimming, sailing, canoeing, and was interested in science from an early age. According to one person, she read Marie Curie's biography, which convinced her that she could do well in a scientific field amid the then-prevailing gender stereotypes. She graduated from Columbia High School in Maplewood, which would later induct her into the College of Fame in 2007.

Hoover studied classical and medieval philosophy and history at Wellesley College. She graduated from Wellesley in 1948 with a bachelor's degree, and was inducted into Phi Beta Kappa as a Durant Scholar. In 1951, she received her PhD from Yale University in philosophy and math foundations.

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Career

Hoover taught philosophy and logic at Swarthmore College from 1951 to 1954. However, according to one theory, she was unable to secure a tenure-track position due to her gender and marital status. She married Charles Wilson Hoover, Jr., in 1953, and he was extremely generous of his wife's career choices. She joined Bell Labs in 1954 as a senior technical associate and was promoted to 1956. According to one source, the internal training program was the "equivalent of a master's degree in computer science." Electronics were giving way to computer-based technologies, and computer-based ones were converted. The call center would be overwhelmed with thousands of calls in a short period of time, overwhelming the unreliable electronic relays, and causing the whole system to "freeze up."

Hoover applied her knowledge of symbolic logic and feedback theory to program the control systems of a call center, allowing her to issue orders based on call data. To track the frequency of incoming calls at various times, it used computerized technologies. Her method prioritized processes that were critical, such as record keeping and billing, over workflows that were less important. As a result, the computer will automatically adjust the call center's acceptance rate, greatly reducing the call center's overflow issue. The device was first identified as stored program control.

According to several sources, Hoover was considering the invention while in a hospital recuperating after giving birth to her second daughter. Lawyers representing Bell Labs handling the patent had to come to her house to visit her while she was on maternity leave so she could sign the paperwork. During peak load times, the invention resulted in a much more efficient service to callers.

Hoover received patent #3,623,007 in November 1971, one of the first computer patents ever issued, for her invention, the Feedback Control Monitor for Stored Program Data Processing System. The patent was granted in 1967 and issued in 1971. She became Bell Labs' first female boss after an inception. In 1987, she was responsible for the operations support team. In the 21st century, the invention's basic principles are still being used in telecommunications equipment.

Hoover worked on several high-level applications, including research radar analysis of the Safeguard Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems, which were designed to interceptincoming intercontinental ballistic missile warheads. Her group worked on artificial intelligence tools, large databases, and transactional applications to help large telephone networks. She was with Bell Labs for 32 years before retiring in 1987. In addition, she served on the boards of higher education organizations in New Jersey. She was described as a visionary who was instrumental in increasing female faculty as well as enrolling the "best prepared high school graduates" in the state, and as a member of the College of New Jersey's board, and she continued to raise the college as a respected institution of higher education by lobbying heavily for state funding.

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