William Dean Howells

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William Dean Howells (March 1, 1837 – May 11, 1920) was an American realist novelist, literary critic, and playwright who was dubbed "The Dean of American Letters" by a critic.

He was best known for his time as editor of The Atlantic Monthly, as well as for his own prolific writings, including the Christmas story "Christmas Every Day" and Altruria's "A Traveler."

Early life and family

William Dean Howells was born in Martinsville, Ohio, (now Martins Ferry, Ohio), to William Cooper Howells and Mary Dean Howells, the second of eight children. His father, a newspaper editor and printer who moved around Ohio, was a newspaper editor and printer. The family moved to Hamilton, Ohio, where his father oversaw a Whig newspaper and followed Swedenborgianism in 1840. Their nine years in the area were the longest period they had lived in one place. The family had to survive frugally, but the young Howells' was encouraged by his parents to pursue their literary aspirations. He began early in his life to help his father with typesetting and printing, a profession that was once considered a printer's devil at the time. His father arranged for one of his poems to be published in the Ohio State Journal in 1852 without telling him.

Howells was elected as a clerk in the state House of Representatives in 1856. He began writing poetry and short stories in 1858, and also translated French, Spanish, and German. Heinrich Heine was an avid student of German and other languages and was particularly interested in him. He traveled to Boston in 1860 and spoke with writers James T. Fields, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., Nathaniel Hawthorne, Henry David Thoreau, and Ralph Waldo Emerson. Henry Adams, William James, Henry James, Henry James, and Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. all became a personal friend of many of them, including Henry Adams, William James, Henry James, Jr.

Howells wrote Abraham Lincoln's campaign biography Life of Abraham Lincoln and obtained a consulship in Venice in 1860. On Christmas Eve 1862 at the American Embassy in Paris, he married Elinor Mead. She was a sister of sculptor Larkin Goldsmith Mead and architect William Rutherford Mead of the company McKim, Mead, and White. Architect John Mead Howells was one of their children.

In 1865, the Howells returned to America and settled in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He has worked for various publications, including The Atlantic Monthly and Harper's Magazine. James Fields, a prolific editor of The Atlantic Monthly, offered him a position as assistant editor in January 1866, but Fields resigned after successfully negotiating for a higher salary, but Fields became angry due to Fields' close control.

Howells was appointed editor in 1871 after five years as assistant editor, and he continued in this position until 1881. He met Mark Twain, with whom he developed a long-term friendship, in 1869. Jonathan Baxter Harrison's friendship with him was more important in the development of his literary style and Realism's promotion. During the 1870s, Harrison wrote a series of articles for The Atlantic Monthly on the lives of ordinary Americans. During the 1870s-71 season, Howells gave the Lowell Institute a series of twelve lectures on "Italian Poets of Our Century."

In 1872, he published his first book Their Wedding Journey, but his literary fame soared with the realistic book A Modern Instance (1882), which depicted marriage decay. Silas Lapham's 1885 book The Rise of Silas Lapham was his best-known work, describing the ascension and fall of an American entrepreneur of the paint industry. In the books Annie Kilburn (1888), A Hazard of New Fortunes (1890), and An Imperative Duty (1891), his social views were also represented.

He was particularly outraged by the Haymarket riots, which led him to stage a similar protest in A Hazard of New Fortunes and a public protest against the men suspected of being complicit in the Haymarket affair. He drew attention to pressing social concerns of the day in both his books and in his books. In 1898, he formed the Anti-Imperialist League in opposition to the Philippines' annexation by the United States.

He wrote between 1873 and 1886, and a collection of his poems was published in 1895 under the name Stops of Various Quills. He was the initiator of the American realist school, but he had no sympathy for any other form of fiction. Stephen Crane, Frank Norris, Hamlin Garland, Harold Frederic, Abraham Cahan, Sarah Orne Jewett, and Paul Laurence Dunbar all recommended new writers in whom he found new ideas or new fictional techniques, such as Stephen Crane, Frank Norris, Hamlin Garland, Stephen Crane, Frank Norris, Hamlin Garland, Stephen Crane, Stephen Crane, Stephen Crane, Stephen Crane, Matthew Orne Jewett,

Howells published The Flight of Pony Baker, a children's book influenced by his own experience, in 1902. In Kittery Point, Maine, he bought a summer home overlooking the Piscataqua River. He stayed at Elinor's house until his son and family died and then moved to a house in York Harbor. In 1979, John Noyes Mead Howells, his grandson, donated the property to Harvard University as a memorial. He was one of the first seven people selected for membership in the American Academy of Arts and Letters in 1904, of which he became president.

Elinor Howells, a widow in February 1910, began using morphine to treat her deteriorating neuritis. She died on May 6, a few days after her birthday but only two weeks after her companion Mark Twain's death. "I think of the laceration of your life with an infinite sense of what it means for you," Henry James wrote. Howells and his daughter Mildred decided to spend part of the year in Cambridge, but the couple discovered it "dreadful in its ghostlines and ghastliness" without Elinor.

Howells died in his sleep shortly after midnight on May 11, 1920, and was buried in Cambridge, Massachusetts. His daughter wrote a memoir of his literary life eight years later.

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Early career

Howells was elected as a clerk in the State House of Representatives in 1856. In 1858, he began to write poetry and short stories, as well as translating French, Spanish, and German works. Heinrich Heine was an avid student of German and other languages, and he was particularly interested in him. He visited Boston in 1860 and spoke with writers James T. Fields, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., Nathaniel Hawthorne, Henry David Thoreau, and Ralph Waldo Emerson. Henry Adams, William James, Henry James, Henry James, Jr., and Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. were all a personal friend of many of them, including Henry Adams, William James, Henry James, Jr.

Howells 1860-Howells wrote Abraham Lincoln's campaign biography Life of Abraham Lincoln and obtained a consulship in Venice. On Christmas Eve 1862 at the American embassy in Paris, he married Elinor Mead. She was the niece of sculptor Larkin Goldsmith Mead and architect William Rutherford Mead of the McKim, Mead, and White company. Architect John Mead Howells was one of their children.

The Howells returned to America in 1865 and landed in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He contributed to several journals, including The Atlantic Monthly and Harper's Magazine. Fields offered him a job as assistant editor of The Atlantic Monthly in January 1866, but Fields declined after successfully negotiating for a higher salary, despite being frustrated by Fields' close supervision.

Howells was appointed editor in 1871 after five years as assistant editor, and he continued in this role until 1881. He met Mark Twain in 1869, with whom he developed a long-term friendship. Jonathan Baxter Harrison's friendship with him was more important in terms of his literary style and his support for Realism. During the 1870s, Harrison wrote a series of articles for The Atlantic Monthly on ordinary Americans' lives. During the Lowell Institute's 1870-71 season, Howells gave a series of twelve lectures on "Italian Poets of Our Century."

His first book, Their Wedding Journey, was published in 1872, but his literary fame soared with the realistic book A Modern Instance (1882), which portrayed marriage decay. Silas Lapham's 1885 novel The Rise and Fall of Silas Lapham was his best known work, describing the ascension and fall of an American entrepreneur in the paint business. His social views were also prominent in Annie Kilburn (1888), A Hazard of New Fortunes (1890), and An Imperative Duty (1891).

He was particularly angered by the Haymarket trials, which culminated in him demonstrating in A Hazard of New Fortunes and refusing to write publicly to condemn the men's deposition in the Haymarket scandal. He attracted societal concerns of the day in his public writing and novels. He joined the Anti-Imperialist League in 1898, opposing the Philippines' annexation by the United States.

His poems were published in 1873 and 1886, and a collection of them was published in 1895 under the title Stops of Various Quills. He was the catalyst of the academy of American realists, but he had no sympathy for any other form of fiction. However, Stephen Crane, Frank Norris, Hamlin Garland, Harold Frederic, Abraham Cahan, Sarah Orne Jewett, and Paul Laurence Dunbar all encouraged young writers in whom he found new ideas or new fictional techniques, such as Stephen Crane, Frank Norris, Hamlin Garland, Stephen Crane, Stephen Crane, Frank Norris, Hamlin Garland, Stephen Crane, Stephen Crane, Graham Foerster, Stephen Crane,

Howells published The Flight of Pony Baker, a children's book that was partly inspired by his own experience in 1902. He bought a summer home overlooking the Piscataqua River in Kittery Point, Maine, that year. He lived in Elinor's family until his son and family's death and then moved to a house in York Harbor. In 1979, John Noyes Mead Howells, his grandson, donated the house to Harvard University as a memorial. He was one of the first seven people selected for membership in the American Academy of Arts and Letters, of which he became president in 1904.

Elinor Howells was born in 1901 and began using morphine to treat her worsening neuritis. She died on May 6, a few days after her birthday and just two weeks after Howells' friend Mark Twain's death. "I think of the laceration of your life with an infinite sense of what it will mean for you," Henry James wrote. Howells and his daughter Mildred decided to spend part of the year in Cambridge, Massachusetts; but without Elinor, they found it "dreadful in its ghostlines and ghastliness."

Howells died in his sleep just after midnight on May 11, 1920, and was buried in Cambridge, Massachusetts. His daughter published his correspondence as a biography of his literary life eight years later.

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