Wayne Gretzky

At 63 years old, Wayne Gretzky has this physical status:

Wayne Douglas Gretzky (born January 26, 1961) is a former professional ice hockey player and former head coach.

He spent 20 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1979 to 1999.

Many sportswriters, athletes, and the NHL have referred to Nicknamed "The Great One" as "the best hockey player ever" by many sportswriters, players, and the NHL.

Gretzky is the best scorer in NHL history, with more goals and assists than any other player.

He had more assists than any other player on record, and he was the first NHL player to reach over 200 points in a single season, a record he set four times.

In addition, Gretzky had scored over 100 points in 16 professional seasons, 14 of whom were consecutive.

Early years

Wayne Douglas Gretzky was born in Brantford, Ontario, on January 26, 1961, as the son of Phyllis Leone (Hockin) and Walter Gretzky. Walter and Jeannette married in 1960 and lived in a Brantford apartment where Walter worked for Bell Telephone Canada. The family moved to a house on Valiant Avenue in Brantford seven months after Wayne was born, partly because its yard was flat enough to make an ice rink in winter. Kim (born 1963), and brothers Keith, Glen, and Brent joined Wayne Wayne. Tony and Mary, Wayne's grandparents' farm, and the family watched Hockey Night in Canada together. Wayne was trying to score goals against Mary with a souvenir stick by age two. Wayne skated on ice for the first time, aged two years, ten months at the farm.

On a rink he made in the back yard of his family's house called the "Wally Coliseum," Walter taught Wayne, Keith, Brent, Glen, and their families. Drills included skating around Javex bleach bottles and tin cans, and flipping pucks over scattered hockey sticks in order to pick up the puck in full flight. In addition, Walter advised that you "skate where the puck is going, not where it's been" rather than where it has been found. Wayne was a hero among jealous parents whose extraordinary talents made him the object of cynical parents.

The team Gretzky began at age six, but it was otherwise made up of 10-year-olds. Dick Martin, his first coach, remarked that he treated the puck more effectively than the 10-year-olds. "Wayne was so good that you could have a boy of your own who was an excellent hockey player," Martin says, and he'd be disregarded because of what the Gretzky kid was doing." Gretzky's jackets were much too heavy for him, and he was able to push the jacket into his pants on the right side. Gretzky continued doing this throughout his NHL career.

Gretzky had scored 378 goals and 139 assists in just one season with the Brantford Nadrofsky Steelers at age 10. His appearance attracted national attention beyond his hometown of Brantford, including a profile by John Iaboni in the Toronto Telegram in October 1971. Gretzky scored 26 points for Brantford in the 1974 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament. He had scored over 1,000 goals by age 13. His game attracted a lot of criticism from other players' parents, including those of his teammates, and he was often booed. The "capper" was being booed on "Brantford Day" at Toronto's Maple Leaf Gardens in February 1975, according to Walter.

When Gretzky was 14 years old, his family arranged for him to play hockey in Toronto, partly to advance his career and partially to ban him from the traumatic pressure he suffered in his hometown. To win Wayne, the Gretzkys had to legally challenge the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association in order to play in a different area that had been outlawed at the time. In a league that featured 20-year-olds, the Gretzkys won, and Wayne played Junior B hockey with the Toronto Nationals. In the Metro Junior B Hockey League from 1975 to 1976, he earned Rookie of the Year awards in 28 games. The Seneca Nationals were renamed the Seneca Nationals in 2004 after he played 72 points in 32 games with the same team from 15 to 16.

Despite his offensive record – scoring 132 points in 60 games in Junior B – two teams skipped him in the 1977 Ontario Major Junior Hockey League draft of 16-year-olds. Tom McCarthy was first chosen by the Oshawa Generals, and the Niagara Falls Flyers picked Steve Peters second overall. The Sault Ste. With the third pick, the Sault Ste. Even though Walter Gretzky had warned the team that they would not transfer to Sault Ste, Marie Greyhounds selected Gretzky. Marie, a northern Ontario city with a burgeoning travel schedule for its junior team, is a city in Ontario. At age 16, the Gretzkys made an agreement with a local family they knew and Wayne played for the Greyhounds. Gretzky first wore the number 99 on his jacket when he was with the Greyhounds. He had intended to wear number 9 for his hockey hero Gordie Howe, but teammate Brian Gualazzi was already wearing it. Gretzky settled on 99 after coach Muzz MacPherson's call.

Personal life

Gretzky has appeared on television shows, including as a Dance Fever judge, and appeared in a dramatic role alongside Victor Newman in The Young and the Restless in 1981. In 1984, he travelled to the Soviet Union to film a television program on Russian goaltender Vladislav Tretiak. In 1989, Gretzky appeared on Saturday Night Live, as a guest host. In 1991, a fictional crime-fighting version of him appeared in the cartoon ProStars as one of the main characters. Gretzky appeared in a cameo on a Christmas episode of The Simpsons as a winter character in December 2016.

Gretzky is a dual citizen of both Canada and the United States, having become a naturalized citizen of the latter.

Gretzky met actress Janet Jones while serving as a judge on Dance Fever. Jones does not recall being on the show, according to Gretzky. They met regularly after that, but not until 1987, when they first ran into each other at a Los Angeles Lakers game that Gretzky and Alan Thicke were attending, that they did not become a couple. Gretzky proposed in January 1988 and were married on July 16, 1988 in a lavish celebration that the Canadian press dubbed "The Royal Wedding" in a lavish ceremony. Members of the Fire Department of Edmonton, Canada, served as ceremonial guards, and the Fire Department acted as ceremonial guards. According to reports, the whole affair cost Gretzky more than US$1 million.

Paulina, Ty, Trevor, Tristan, and Emma are among his five children. On August 18, 2013, golfer Dustin Johnson and Paulina Johnson declared their engagement. Ty was a hockey player at Shattuck-Saint Mary's but after that sport, he dropped out and attended Arizona State University. Trevor is a former minor league baseball player.

In the 2013 provincial by-election for the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, Wayne Gretzky's uncle, Al Gretzky, ran as a Conservative candidate in London West and for the libertarian Freedom Party of Ontario. Both times he was unsuccessful.

Walter Walter Walter died in 2021 at the age of 82.

Before becoming a partner in the Phoenix Coyotes, Gretzky owned or collaborated in the ownership of two sports franchises. Gretzky purchased the Hull Olympiques of the Quebec Major Hockey League for C$175,000 in 1985. The team's colours were changed to silver and black during his tenure as owner, hinting at the transition in team jersey colors when he appeared for the Los Angeles Kings. The Kings had their training camp at the Olympiques' arena for the first season that Gretzky played in Los Angeles. Gretzky sold the team in 1992 for C$550,000.

McNall bought the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League (CFL) in 1991 with Gretzky and John Candy as minority owners. In the first year of the relationship, the club won the Grey Cup Championship in the first year but the team suffered in the two following seasons, and the team was sold before the 1994 season. Only McNall's name had been engraved on the Grey Cup as team's owner, but the CFL rectified the mistake in November 2007, adding Gretzky's and Candy's names. Gretzky and McNall teamed up in 1992 to buy a rare Honus Wagner T206 cigarette card worth US$451,000, which later sold the card. Its most recently sold for US$2.8 million. They also owned Thoroughbred race horses; one of them, Saumarez, won France's Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe in 1990. Gretzky served as a board member and executive officer of the Hespeler Hockey Company.

Gretzky's appeal as a product endorser far outstripped those of other hockey players of his day. He was one of the country's top-paid celebrity endorsers by 1995, with roles from The Coca-Cola Company, Domino's Pizza, Sharp Corporation, and Upper Deck, among others. Gretzky's net income rose from 1990 to 1998, according to Forbes. He has demonstrated and introduced a multitude of products, from pillow cases to insurance. Gretzky is a partner of First Team Sports, a manufacturer of sports equipment, and Worldwide Roller Hockey, Inc., Inc., an operator of roller hockey rinks. Gretzky was included in the 2010 NHL Slapshot, but the Gretzky brand EA Sports had previously been a sponsor for the Gretzky NHL 2005 and Gretzky NHL 2006. Gretzky appeared on Nickelback's "Rockstar" music video, as well as on a few other things.

Gretzky Estates, a winery and distillery established in Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, in 2017 as part of Andrew Peller Ltd., and the trademark No. 99 has been registered. 99. Gretzky's restaurant near the Rogers Centre in downtown Toronto from 1993 to 2020 was operated by Gretzky and a business associate. Gretzky's other restaurants opened at the Edmonton International Airport in 2016 and were named No. 1. The 99 Gretzky's Wine & Whisky duo, and Studio 99 at Rogers Place in Edmonton, Alberta, was opened in 2018.

Gretzky: An Autobiography (1990), with Rick Reilly (1990), and 99: My Life in Pictures (1999), with John Davidson and Dan Diamond, are two of Gretzky's books. 99: Stories of the Game (2016), with Kirstie McLellan Day, was an in-depth look at hockey's history. It was the best-selling Canadian book of 2016.

Gretzky praised President George W. Bush and his handling of the war in Iraq in 2003, saying: "The President of the United States is a wonderful man, and I support him 100%" if he believes what he's doing is right."

Gretzky endorsed the Conservative Party and Prime Minister Stephen Harper during the 2015 Canadian federal election election campaign, and he was praised at a campaign rally by calling him "wonderful to the country." Gretzky's endorsement as a non-resident was widely criticized. Gretzky praised Harper at a United For Ukraine Gala in Toronto in 2014, describing him as "one of the greatest prime ministers ever" on the occasion. Earlier this year, Gretzky supported Patrick Brown during his triumphant campaign for the leadership of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario.

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NHL career

Gretzky's success in the WHA extended into the NHL, despite some commentators' predictions that he would fail in what was deemed the more competitive, tougher, and more attractive league.

Gretzky was named the NHL Most Valuable Player in his first NHL season (1979–80) and tied for the scoring lead with Marcel Dionne with 137 points. Although Gretzky only played 79 games to Dionne's 80, Dionne was given the Art Ross Trophy because he had more goals (53 to 51). The season has already hit the most high point total by a first-year player in NHL history. Gretzky was the youngest player to score 50 goals in the first year, but was not eligible for the Calder Memorial Trophy, which is awarded to the top NHL rookie because of his previous participation in the WHA. Ray Bourque, a Boston Bruins defenceman, was given the Calder instead.

Gretzky won the Art Ross in his second season (the first of seven straight) for his second year in a row (103), as well as Bobby Orr's record for assists in a season (1031) and Phil Esposito's record for points in a season (152). He won his second straight Hart Trophy. Gretzky had five assists in the first game of the 1981 Stanley Cup playoffs against the Montreal Canadiens, a single game playoff record.

Gretzky set a record in 50 games during the 1981–82 NHL season, first set by Maurice "Rocket" Richard during the 1944–45 NHL season and tied by Mike Bossy during the 1980–81 NHL seasons. Gretzky achieved the feat in only 39 games. In the final seconds of a 7–5 win against the Philadelphia Flyers on December 30, 1981, his 50th goal of the season came on December 30, 1981. It was his fifth of the season. Gretzky set a new record for most goals in a season (76), scoring three to help defeat the Buffalo Sabres 6–3. He finished the 1981–82 season with 92 goals, 120 assists, and 212 points in 80 games, becoming the first player in NHL history to reach the two hundred-point mark. Gretzky was the first hockey player and first Canadian to be named Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year last year. Sports Illustrated also named 1982 "Sportsman of the Year" for him. In 1982, the Canadian Press named Gretzky Newsmaker of the Year.

Gretzky set records three more times in 1985–86, 125 in 1982–83, 135 in 1985–86, and 116 in 1989–91, and his best record in 1985–86 is 122. He held or shared 49 NHL records by the time he retired from playing in Edmonton.

In their last WHA regular season, the Edmonton Oilers finished first overall. When the Oilers first joined the league, they were not immediate, but the Oilers were playing for the Stanley Cup for the first time in four seasons. The Oilers were a young, strong team, with forwards Mark Messier, Glenn Anderson, and Jari Kurri; defenceman Paul Coffey; and goaltender Grant Fuhr among the Gretzky, future Hall of Famers players. Gretzky was the country's captain from 1983 to 1988. They made it to the Stanley Cup Finals in 1983, but they were swept by the three-time defending champion New York Islanders. The Oilers qualified the Islanders in the Finals the following season, this time for the first time in seven years.

Gretzky was appointed an Officer of the Order of Canada on June 25, 1984, for his outstanding contribution to the game of hockey. Since Order ceremonies are always held during the hockey season, it took 13 years and seven months — and two Governors General — before he would be honoured to receive the award. In 2009, he was given the Order of Canada's Companion for his continuing contributions to the game of hockey, most notably as a philanthropist, volunteer, and role model for countless young people. Gretzky led the NHL in goals scored between 1981-1982 and 1986-87. In 1985, 1987, 1988, and 1988, the Oilers also won the Stanley Cup with Gretzky.

Gretzky continued to play under his personal services deal with Oilers owner Peter Pocklington when the Oilers joined the league. Following allegations that Pocklington had used the deal as collateral to help secure a $31 million loan with the Alberta government-owned Alberta Treasury Branches, the arrangement came under increasing scrutiny by the mid-1980s, particularly following allegations that Pocklington had used the agreement as collateral to help secure a $31 million loan. Gretzky and Pocklington decided to substitute the personal services contract with a standard NHL deal amid growing skepticism about Gretzky's rights in the event that a heavily leveraged Pocklington were to declare bankruptcy, as well as growing dissatisfaction with the work of his consultants.

The NHL Board of Governors decided in June 1985, as part of a package of five rule changes that would be in place for the 1985-86 season, where neither team lost a man when coincidental penalties were announced. The effect of calling offsetting penalties was felt right away in the NHL, as the Gretzky-era Oilers entered a four-on-three or three-on-three situation with an opponent, they routinely used the ice on the ice to score one or two goals. One day after being named the Hart Memorial Trophy, Gretzky held a press conference, chastising organizations and players who had previously participated in the sport. The rule change was dubbed "the Gretzky reign" in the United States. For the 1992–93 season, the ruling was changed.

Gretzky had a major influence on the style of play of the Edmonton Oilers and the NHL as a whole, inspiring a more team-focused approach. The Oilers, led by Gretzky, became the highest-scoring team in NHL history thanks to this strategy.

"He was, I think, the first Canadian forward to play in a true team game," said hockey writer and former NHL goaltender Ken Dryden. In the run-up to Gretzky's arrival, he said, particularly among the Canadian teams, the focus of the game was on the player with the puck—in getting the puck to a key player who would make the big play. "Gretzky changed that." He knew he wasn't strong enough, robust enough, or even fast enough to do what he wanted to do if others were focused on him. Like a magician, he had to call attention to his four colleagues on the ice with him to cause the momentary distraction in order to move unnoticed into the open ice where size and strength didn't matter. ... Gretzky made his opponents play with five players rather than one, not one, and he brought his teammates full partners to the game. "They had to skate to his age and pass, and they would have been embarrassed."

The Edmonton Oilers averaged 423 goals per season, as no previous team had scored 400, and Gretzky on his own averaged 207 points, when no player before had scored more than 152 in a year. "In the past, defenders and teams had to figure out how to tackle opponents with the puck," Dryden wrote in his book The Game. That was interference to prevent them from having it. But now, if players without a puck skated just as hard as those that did, but faster, and darted to open ice just as quickly, but how did you shut them down?"

Gretzky went from the preeminent NHL star of his day to the Soviets', who had also developed a more team-style of play and had successfully used it against the best NHL teams in 1972, as the 1972 Summit Series revealed. Dryden writes, "The Soviets and Gretzky changed the NHL game." "Gretzky, the boy from Brantford with the Belarusian name, was the appropriate representation of Soviet hockey." No Canadian child wanted to be Makarov or Larionov. They all wanted to play like Gretzky."

Gretzky also acknowledged the role of their coach in the Oilers' triumph: "Under Glen Sather's direction, our Oiler teams became more efficient at creating energy, designing finesse, and playing a transition game with strong European influence."

Gretzky continues to develop his playing style:

Gretzky learned from his father that the Oilers were planning to move him to another team two hours after the Oilers won the Stanley Cup in 1988. After being warned by Skalbania, Walter Gretzky had been aware for months, but he kept the news from Wayne so as not to annoy him. Wayne was being "shopped" to Los Angeles, Detroit, and Vancouver, and Pocklington needed money because his other ventures were not doing well, according to Walter. Gretzky didn't want to leave Edmonton at first, but Los Angeles Kings owner Bruce McNall called him while on his honeymoon and asked him to talk to him. Marty McSorley and Mike Krushelnyski, as teammates in Los Angeles, informed McNall that they were the only conditions for a bargain to take place. Both McNall and Pocklington were quick to agree. After the trade was finalized by the two owners, one last condition had to be fulfilled: Gretzky had to call Pocklington and ask a trade. When Pocklington told Oilers general manager and head coach Sather about his attempts to trade Gretzky to Los Angeles, he tried to stop the transaction, but when he learned that Gretzky was involved in the discussions, he changed his mind and demanded Luc Robitaille in exchange. Jimmy Carson was the Kings' refusal, rather offering Jimmy Carson.

The Oilers traded Gretzky (along with McSorley and Krushelnyski) to the Kings for Carson, Martin Gélinas, and 1993, (used to select Nick Stajduhar), 1988 (used to select Martin Rusk). "The Trade," as it was revealed, angered Canadians to the point that New Democratic Party House Leader Nelson Riis ordered that the government block it, and Pocklington was burned in effigy outside the Northlands Coliseum.

He received a four-minute standing ovation in Gretzky's first appearance in Edmonton after the trade, a game nationally televised in Canada. The arena was sold out, and the 17,503 attendance of the Oilers was the most significant to that date. Huge applauses erupted for his first shift, his first touch of the puck, his two assists, and Mark Messier's body check of Gretzky were among the boards. Gretzky took the opportunity to reiterate his patriotism after the game: "I'm still proud to be a Canadian." I didn't abandon my country. I was fired because I was employed, and that's where my job is located. But I'm not Canadian to the core. I hope Canadians get that." Gretzky's life-sized bronze statue was unveiled outside Northlands Coliseum, holding the Stanley Cup over his head during the 1988-89 season.

Gretzky was the Kings' alternate captain. In the first regular season game, he made an immediate impact on the ice by scoring on his first shot on target for the first time. The Kings got off to a good start by winning four straight en route to qualifying for the playoffs. Gretzky finished second in scoring but just barely beat Mario Lopez for the Hart Trophy as MVP for the second time in his NHL career, but barely barely edged out Mario Lopez (who scored 199 points) for second place.

Despite being underdogs against the Edmonton Oilers in the Smythe Division semifinals, Gretzky led the Kings to a shocking surprise of his former squad, spearheading the Kings' return from a 3–1 series deficit to win the series 4–3. He was worried Edmonton would welcome him with boos, but the public was eagerly waiting for him. The Kings were then swept by the Calgary Flames, who went on to win their first Stanley Cup.

The Gretzky Male Athlete of the Decade was named by the Associated Press in 1990. For the second year in a row, the Kings defeated the Flames in six games in the first round, but they also lost in the second round, this time in Gretzky's former staff. The Oilers won their fifth Cup (and first without Gretzky). Messier (who had recalled Gretzky as Edmonton's captain after the trade) paid tribute to his former colleague by dedicating the Oilers' Cup victory to him in his post-championship interview.

In a city not traditionally known for following hockey, Gretzky's first season in Los Angeles saw a dramatic rise in attendance and fan interest. The Kings now boasted of numerous sellouts. Many praise Gretzky's for bringing non-traditional American hockey markets on "the NHL map"; not only did California gain two more NHL franchises (the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim and San Jose Sharks) during Gretzky's time in Los Angeles, but also his presence in Southern California proved to be an anomaly in the league's establishment of teams in other areas of the United States Sun Belt;

Gretzky was sidelined for significant portions of the 1992-1993 regular season due to a back injury, and his 65-point output snapped a record 13-year streak in which he scored at least 100 points per season. However, he did well in the playoffs, particularly when he scored a hat trick against the Toronto Maple Leafs in game seven. For the first time in franchise history, the Kings advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals, where they met the Montreal Canadiens. After winning the first game of the season by a score of 4–1, the team lost the next three games in overtime and then fell 4–1 in the deciding fifth game, where Gretzky failed to get a shot on net.

The Gretzky franchise set a new career goal-scoring record of 801 and claimed the scoring crown, but the team didn't qualify for the playoffs until 1998, despite numerous player and coaching moves. Gretzky's ties with the Kings' new owners became strained as a result of McNall's financial troubles. The team was fiscally fragile under both McNall and the current ownership group, to the point that paychecks to players disappeared. Gretzky's request for a trade was eventually fulfilled in early 1996. Gretzky and a few friends (including Mark Messier, Marty McSorley, Brett Hull, and Steve Yzerman) formed the Ninety Nine All Stars Tour in 1994-1995 and played eight exhibition games in different countries.

Gretzky joined the St. Louis Blues in a trade for Patrice Tardif, Roman Vopat, Craig Johnson, and two draft picks on February 27, 1996 (Peter Hogan and Matt Zultek). After reports of him being dissatisfied in Los Angeles, he partially orchestrated the trade. The Blues and New York Rangers emerged as front-runners in the trade, but the Blues and New York Rangers emerged as front-runners, but the Blues refused to satisfy his salary demands. Gretzky was immediately named as the team's captain. He played 37 points in 31 games for the team in the regular season and the playoffs, and the Blues came within one game of the Conference Finals.

However, the chemistry with winger Brett Hull never developed. For the first time in his career, Gretzky was also subjected to public chasticism from his head coach. Mike Keenan had refused to moderate his coaching style long before either he or Gretzky joined the Blues, even though working with Team Canada during international tournaments. Gretzky's work with Keenan was therefore never warm, and the coach's public rebukes effectively ended any chance of Gretzky staying in St. Louis once he became a free agent. Gretzky's three-year contract with the Blues was worth $20 million, but the New York Rangers announced him as a free agent on July 21, reuniting longtime Oilers teammate Mark Messier with a two-year, $8 million (plus incentives) contract.

Gretzky retired from active service with the New York Rangers, where he spent his last three seasons with the team and helped the team reach the Eastern Conference Finals in 1997. Despite Gretzky leading the Rangers in the playoffs with 10 goals and 10 assists, the Rangers were defeated in the Conference Finals by the Philadelphia Flyers in five games. Gretzky was not named captain for the first time in his NHL career, but he did wear the captain's "C" in 1998, when captain Brian Leetch was wounded and out of the lineup for a brief period of time. Mark Messier has signed a new agent with the Vancouver Canucks following Messier and Gretzky's brief reunion after just one season. The 1997 playoff appearance was Gretzky's last as a player, and the Rangers did not return to the playoffs until 2006, well after Gretzky retired. He and Jaromir Jagr won the NHL in 1997–98, with 67 assists. It was the 16th time in 19 seasons that Gretzky has earned at least a share of the league's lead in the rankings.

The Hockey News selected and ranked the 50 greatest players in NHL history in 1997, prior to his retirement. The experts ranked Gretzky number one. Gretzky said he would have voted Bobby Orr or Gordie Howe as the best of all time.

His time as a professional player came to an end in 1998–99. He reached a milestone in this season's (regular season and playoffs) goal-scoring record of 1,071, which had previously been held by Gordie Howe. Gretzky was having trouble scoring this season and ended with nine goals, contributing to his only season in which he failed to put up more points per game than Howe. Gretzky would retire, according to media rumors as the season came to an end, but he refused to announce his resignation. His last NHL game in Canada was April 15, 1999, a 2–2 tie with the Ottawa Senators and the Rangers' second-to-last game of the season. Gretzky was awarded all three actors in a departure from the normal three actors' announcement. Gretzky reported he'd leave New York after the Rangers' last game of the season.

In Madison Square Garden, Gretzky's last game of his career was a 2–1 overtime loss to the Pittsburgh Penguins on April 18, 1999. Despite the fact that two American teams were involved, both national anthems were played, with the songs slightly modified to reflect Gretzky's departure. "We're going to miss you, Wayne Gretzky" in place of the lyrics "O Canada, we stand on guard for thee," Bryan Adams ad-libbed. The word "in the land of Wayne Gretzky" was added to "The Star-Spangled Banner," as sung by John Amirante. Gretzky came to an end in his career with a single New York goal scored by Brian Leetch. Gretzky was the second-to-last WHA player still playing in competitive hockey at the time of his retirement. Mark Messier, who appeared alongside other Edmonton Oilers' players, was the last to leave the game.

He recounted:

Career statistics

Figures in boldface italics are NHL records.

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