Steven Chu

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Steven Chu (born February 28, 1948) is an American physicist and a former government official.

He is best known for his Berkeley University research and his studies on atom cooling and trapping of atoms with laser light, for which he won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1997, along with his scientific colleagues Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and William Daniel Phillips.

Chu was a professor of physics and molecular biology at the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, and the director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, where his focus was mainly with biological systems at the single molecule level.

Chu resigned as the energy minister on April 22, 2013.

He retrained as a Professor of Physics and Professor of Molecular & Cellular Biology at Stanford. Chu is a vocal promoter for more study into renewable energy and nuclear energy, arguing that a switch away from fossil fuels is vital to combat climate change.

He has imagined a global "glucose economy," a subset of a low-carbon economy in which tropical plant glucose is transported around like oil is today.

Chu started a one-year term as president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science on February 22, 2019.

Early life and education

Chu was born in St. Louis, Missouri, on February 28th, 1948, with Chinese ancestry from Liuhe, Taicang, China, and he went to Garden City High School. Both a Bachelor of Arts and a B.A. A B.S. in mathematics and a B.S. He received his Ph.D. in Physics from the University of California, Berkeley, under Eugene D. Commins' leadership in 1976, during which he was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship in physics.

Chu comes from a family of highly educated white collar employees and scholars. Ju-Chin Chu, his father, received a doctorate in chemical engineering from MIT and taught at Washington University in St. Louis and Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute, and his mother studied economics at MIT. Shu-tian Li, a hydraulic engineer who earned a Ph.D. from Cornell University and a Tianjin University professor and president, is his maternal grandfather. Li Shu-hua, a biophysicist, was his mother's uncle before returning to China. Gilbert Chu, Chu's older brother, is a Stanford University professor of biochemistry and medicine. Morgan Chu, his younger brother, is a patent lawyer who works with the law firm Irell & Manella as the former co-managing partner. Chu says he and four cousins have four Ph.D.s, three M.D.s, and a J.D. One of them is a tiger.

Personal life

Jean Fetter, a British-American Oxford-trained physicist, married Jean Fetter in 1997. Geoffrey and Michael, from a previous marriage to Lisa Chu-Thielbar, have two sons.

Chu is keen on sports such as baseball, swimming, and cycling. In the eighth grade, he taught himself tennis by reading a book, and he was a second-string substitute for the school team for three years. He also taught himself how to pole vault from bamboo poles obtained from the local carpet store. Chu said he never learned to speak Chinese because their children were always spoken in English.

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Career and research

He worked at Berkeley for two years before joining Bell Labs, where he and his co-workers carried out Nobel Prize-winning laser cooling research. He left Bell Labs and became a professor of physics at Stanford University in 1987, and served as the chair of the Physics Department from 1990 to 2001. The Bio-X program, which focuses on interdisciplinary research in biology and medicine, was established by Stanford, Chu and three others, and it was instrumental in securing the funding for the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology. Chu was recruited as the head of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's U.S. Department of Energy National Laboratory in August 2004, and he joined UC Berkeley's Department of Physics and Cell Biology. The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was a center of scientific inquiry into biofuels and solar energy under Chu's leadership. He was instrumental in the laboratory's Helios project, which meant that solar energy could be harnessed as a form of renewable energy for transportation.

Chu's early studies were focused on atomic physics, laser cooling techniques, and laser-optical trapping of atoms. Bell Labs' founder, Steven Moore, and his coworkers developed a way to cool atoms by using six laser beams arranged in three directions at right angles to each other. With this technique, scientists can now analyze individual atoms with utmost accuracy. In addition, the technique can be used to create an atomic clock with utmost precision.

Chu's research interests at Stanford University sparked into biological physics and polymer physics at the single-molecule level. Using methods such as fluorescence resonance energy transfer, atomic force microscopy, and optical tweezers, he investigated enzyme activity and RNA folding. Polymer physics research by His polymer physics research used individual DNA molecules to investigate polymer dynamics and phase transitions. He continued investigating atomic physics as well as invented new laser cooling and trapping techniques. He is the President of the Scientific Committee of ESPCI Paris, as of 2022.

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