Nancy Reagan

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Nancy Davis Reagan (born Anne Frances Robbins; July 6, 1921-March 6, 2016) was an American film actress and Ronald Reagan's wife, making her the 40th president of the United States.

She was the first lady of the United States from 1981 to 1989. She was born in New York City.

Since her parents' separation, she lived in Maryland with an aunt and uncle for six years.

When her mother remarried in 1929, she moved to Chicago and later adopted the name Davis from her stepfather.

Nancy Davis, a Hollywood actress in the 1940s and 1950s, appeared in films including The Next Voice You Hear..., Night to Morning, and Donovan's Brain.

She married Ronald Reagan, then president of the Screen Actors Guild, in 1952.

They had two children together.

Reagan was the first lady of California when her husband was governor from 1967 to 1975, and she began working with the Foster Grandparents Program. Following her husband's victory in the 1980 presidential election, Reagan became the First Lady of the United States in January 1981.

She was largely condemned early in his first term for her decision to upgrade the White House's china, which had been funded by private donations.

Following years of lax formality, she decided to resurrect a Kennedyesque glamour to the White House, and her obsession with high-end fashion attracted a lot of notice as well as criticism.

When she launched the "Just Say No" drug awareness campaign, which was considered her first action as First Lady, she championed recreational drug use.

Following a 1988 revelation that she had hired an astrologer to help with planning the president's schedule after her husband's attempted assassination attempt in 1981, there has been more discussion of her role.

She had a lot of influence on her husband and was instrumental in a few of his subordinates and diplomatic decisions. The couple returned to Bel Air, Los Angeles, California, after Ronald Reagan's term as president ended.

Nancy devoted the bulk of her time to caring for her husband, who was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in 1994, until his death at the age of 93 on June 5, 2004.

Reagan remained active within the Reagan Library and in politics, particularly in favor of embryonic stem cell research, until her death from congestive heart disease at the age of 94.

Early life and education

Anne Frances Robbins was born in Uptown Manhattan on July 6, 1921, at Sloane Hospital for Women. Davis gave her birth date of July 6, 1923, which was the date cited by the majority of her life. She was of English descent. Kenneth Seymour Robbins (1892-1972), a farmer turned car dealer who had been born into a once-promounious family, and actress Edith Prescott Luckett (1888-1977), were the only child of his mother (no. 1932-1972). Alla Nazimova, the silent film star, was her godmother. Nancy was common at birth.

Robbins lived in Flushing, Queens, a borough of New York City, between 149th and 150th Streets, for the first two years. Her parents divorced in 1928, soon after she was born and were divorced. After her divorce, her mother moved around the country to work in acting, and Robbins was raised in Bethesda, Maryland, by her aunt, Virginia Luckett, and uncle, Audley Gailbraith, where she attended Sidwell Friends School from kindergarten to second grade. "My favorites were when Mother had a job in New York, and Aunt Virgie would accompany her by train to remain with her."

Loyal Edward Davis (1896-1982), a leading conservative neurosurgeon who moved the family to Chicago, married her mother in 1929. Nancy and her stepfather got along well; she later wrote of him as "a man of utmost compassion who exemplified old-fashioned values." She was officially adopted in 1938, and she would continue to refer to him as her father. Nancy Davis' name was legally changed to Nancy Davis at the time of the adoption. She attended Girls' Latin School of Chicago (describing herself as an average student) from 1929 to 1940, and then moved to Smith College in Massachusetts, where she majored in English and drama, graduating in 1943.

Later life

Although Reagan was a controversial first lady, 56% of Americans had a positive opinion of her husband when he took office on January 20, 1989, with 18 percent having an unfavorable opinion and the remainder not giving their opinion. Reagan's approval was much higher than that of Rosalynn Carter, Hillary Clinton, and Melania Trump when their husbands first wives were in office. However, she was less popular than Barbara Bush and Michelle Obama, and her disapproval rating was doubled that of Carter's.

The pair returned to California, where wealthy friends bought them a home in Bel Air's wealthy East Gate Old Bel Air neighborhood of Los Angeles, dividing their time between Bel Air and the Reagan Ranch in Santa Barbara, California, after leaving the White House. Ronald and Nancy used to attend the Bel Air Church as well. Reagan made several public appearances since leaving Washington, many on behalf of her husband. She continued to live at the Bel Air home, where she and her husband lived until he died on June 5, 2004.

The Nancy Reagan Foundation, founded in late 1989, was designed to inform people of the dangers of heroin use. In 1994, the Foundation collaborated with the BEST Foundation For A Drug-Free Tomorrow and created the Nancy Reagan Afterschool Program. She continued to travel around the United States, speaking out against opioid use and alcohol use.

Nancy Reagan (1989)'s memoirs, My Turn: The Memoirs of Nancy Reagan (1989), are an account of her time in the White House, commenting openly about her role in the Reagan administration and discussing the myths and scandals surrounding the couple. Kitty Kelley wrote an unauthorised and largely uncited biography about Reagan, repeating tales of a bad relationship with her children and surfacing suspicions of suspected sexual relations with singer Frank Sinatra. According to a number of sources, Kelley's largely unsupported assertions are untru.

The IRS (Internal Revenue Service) began probing the Reagans in 1989, finding that they owe additional tax on the gifts and loans of high-fashion clothing and jewelry during the first lady's time in the White House (recipients receiving taxable income even if returned). The Reagans had failed to include $3 million worth of fashion items on their tax returns from 1983 to 1988, which was billed for a substantial portion of back taxes and interest, which was later paid.

She made herself her primary caregiver and became heavily involved with the National Alzheimer's Association and its affiliate, the Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute in Chicago, Illinois, after President Reagan revealed that he had been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in 1994.

Nancy Reagan joined President Bill Clinton and former Presidents Ford and Bush in signing the Summit Declaration of Commitment in urging private citizens to play a part in addressing domestic problems in the United States.

President George W. Bush gave Nancy Reagan the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the country's highest civilian award, on July 9, 2002. In January 1993, President Reagan received his own Presidential Medal of Freedom. On May 16, 2002, Reagan and her husband were jointly awarded the Congressional Gold Medal at the United States Capitol Building, making her the third president and first lady to win the award; she accepted the medal on behalf of both of them.

On June 5, 2004, Ronald Reagan died in their Bel Air home. Nancy, accompanied by her children and military escort, led the nation in mourning during the seven-day state funeral. She maintained a high level of optimism as she travelled from home to the Reagan Library for a memorial service and then to Washington, D.C., where her husband's body lay in state for 34 hours ahead of a national funeral service in the Washington National Cathedral. She returned to the library in Simi Valley for a sunset memorial service and burial, where she regained her composure and cries in public for the first time this week. After receiving the folded flag, she kissed the casket and mouthed "I love you" before leaving. "She's a really, really strong woman, even though she looks frail," CNN journalist Wolf Blitzer said this week.

Former President George H. Bush, former Soviet Union Leader Mikhail Gorbachev, and former Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney all arranged the funeral, including former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, former Soviet Union President George H. Bush, former Soviet Union President George H. Bush, and former British Prime Minister Brian Mulroney all attended the National Cathedral Service. She paid close attention to the details, something she had always done in her husband's life. "She seems a little frail," Betsy Bloomingdale, one of Reagan's closest friends, said. But she is also a natural performer inside. She is. She has the energy. Ronnie is doing her last thing for her. And she's going to get it done right." The funeral was her first public appearance since she gave a speech at the 1996 Republican National Convention on her husband's behalf.

The funeral had a major effect on her public image. Following significant criticism during her tenure as first lady, she was seen somewhat as a national hero, praised by many for assisting and caring for her husband when he was suffering from Alzheimer's disease. "After a decade in the shadows, a new, softer Nancy Reagan emerged," the US News & World Report declared.

Reagan stayed active in politics, particularly regarding stem cell research following her husband's death. She favored what some believe to be the Democratic Party's position beginning in 2004, and she pleaded with President George W. Bush to fund embryonic stem cell research in the hopes of finding a cure for Alzheimer's disease. Even though she was unable to change the president's role, she did endorse his campaign for a second term.

In 2005, Reagan was honoured at a gala dinner at the Ronald Reagan Building in Washington, D.C., where guests included Dick Cheney, Harry Reid, and Condoleezza Rice.

She attended Gerald Ford's national funeral service in the Washington National Cathedral in 2007. The Reagan Presidential Library held two 2008 Republican presidential debates, the first in May 2007 and the second in January 2008. Senator John McCain, the presumed Republican party nominee for president, officially supported Senator John McCain on March 25, but McCain will continue to lose the election to Barack Obama.

On July 14, 2007, Reagan attended Lady Bird Johnson's funeral in Austin, Texas, and three days later received the Order of the White Eagle on behalf of Ronald Reagan at the Reagan Library. The Reagan Library opened "Nancy Reagan: A First Lady's Style," which displayed over eighty designer dresses belonging to her.

In 2008, Reagan's health and well-being were a leading topic. She suffered a fall at her Bel Air home in February and was admitted to Saint John's Health Center in Santa Monica, California. Doctors said she did not crack her hip as feared and was released from the hospital two days later. Reagan's step had slowed dramatically the following month, according to news commentators, who followed him in stuggish strides with John McCain.

After falling at home, Reagan was admitted to Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center in October 2008. Doctors determined that the 87-year-old had fractured her pelvis and sacrum and that she would recover at home with a program of physical therapy. Medical journals containing tips on how to avoid falls were published as a result of her mishap. Reagan said in January 2009 that he was "improving every day and getting out more and more."

In March 2009, she praised President Barack Obama for lifting the ban on federally funded embryonic stem cell research. In June 2009, she and her late husband unveiled a statue in Washington, D.C., celebrating her late husband in the Capitol rotunda. She was also on hand as President Obama signed the Ronald Reagan Centennial Commission Act, and Michelle Obama lunched privately with Michelle Obama. In an interview with Vanity Fair, Reagan said that Michelle Obama had phoned her for tips on living and entertaining in the White House. Following Senator Ted Kennedy's death in August 2009, she was "deeply distraught." Given our political divisions, many people are surprised how close Ronnie and I have been to the Kennedy family... I will miss him." Betty Ford's funeral took place in Rancho Mirage, California, on July 12, 2011.

On September 7, 2011, Reagan hosted a 2012 Republican presidential debate at the Reagan Presidential Library. She suffered a fall in March 2012. She suffered with several broken ribs, preventing her from attending a speech delivered by Paul Ryan in the Reagan Presidential Library in May 2012. On May 31, 2012, she supported Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney, saying that her husband would have favored Romney's business experience and that she referred to as "strong principles." "The world has lost a true champion of liberty and democracy," Ronnie and I said in April 2013, "I know her as a dear and trusted friend, and I will miss her."

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Acting career

In 1940, a young Davis was featured as a National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis volunteer in a hit short subject film seen in movie theaters to raise funds for the fight against polio. The Crippler included a sinister figure on playgrounds and farms, yelling over its victims until they were finally dismissed by the volunteer. It was extremely effective in raising contributions.

Davis worked in Chicago as a sales clerk in Marshall Field's department store and as a nurse's aide after graduating from college. She began a career as an actress with the support of her mother's colleagues in theatre, including Zasu Pitts, Walter Huston, and Spencer Tracy. She appeared on Pitts' 1945 road tour of Ramshackle Inn before heading to New York City. In the 1946 Broadway musical about the Orient, Lute Song starring Mary Martin and a pre-fame Yul Brynner, she landed the role of Si-Tchun, a lady-in-waiting. "You seem to be Chinese," the show's producer told her.

Following a passing screen test, she moved to California and signed a seven-year deal with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. (MGM) in 1949; later, she remarked, "Joining Metro was like walking into a dream world." Her attractive appearance, centered on her large eyes, as well as her somewhat distant and understated demeanor made it difficult for MGM to cast and publicize at first. Davis appeared in eleven feature films, most commonly as a "loyal housewife," "ethical young mother," or "the steady woman." Jane Powell, Debbie Reynolds, Leslie Caron, and Janet Leigh were among the actresses for MGM roles.

Davis' film career began with small supporting roles in two films that were released in 1949, The Doctor and the Girl with Glenn Ford and The Girl with Barbara Stanwyck, the West Side. Ann Sothern and Zachary Scott, a child psychiatrist, appeared in the film noir Shadow on the Wall (1950) with Ann Sothern and Zachary Scott; her appearance was described as "beautiful and convincing" by New York Times critic A. H. Weiler. She appeared on The Next Voice You Hear... in 1950, portraying a pregnant housewife who hears God's voice on her radio. "Nancy Davis [is] delightful as [a] kind, plain, and understanding wife," Bosley Crowther of The New York Times wrote. Davis appeared in Night into Morning, her first film role, a study of bereavement starring Ray Milland. Davis "does fine as the fiancée who is widowed herself and knows the agony of mourning," Crowther said, while Richard L. Coe, a Washington Post reporter, said Davis "is a masterful widow." Davis was fired from her position in 1952, but she later married Reagan, kept her career name as Davis, and had her first child that year. She appeared in Donovan's Brain (1953), and Crowther said Davis, playing a befuddled scientist's "fully baffled wife," "walked through it all in utter confusion" in a "completely stupid" film. Hellcats of the Navy (1957), she played nurse Lieutenant Helen Blair and appeared in a film for the first time with her husband, portraying what one critic describes as "a housewife who came along for the ride." Davis, on the other hand, does her part well, and "does well with what she has to work with."

Davis was often underrated as an actor, according to author Garry Wills because her constrained appearance in Hellcats was her best seen appearance. Davis also debating her Hollywood aspirations: MGM's press release in 1949 said that her "highest dream" was to marry a "successful happy marriage; decades later, she would say, "I never thought I was going to marry because I hadn't found the man I wanted to marry, but not because I hadn't found the one I wanted to marry." I couldn't sit around and do nothing, so I became an actor." Lou Cannon, a Ronald Reagan biographer, also described her as a "dependable" and "solid" performer who appeared with better-known actors. Davis appeared in television dramas ranging from "The Long Shadow" (1961), where she appeared opposite Ronald Reagan, to Wagon Train and The Tall Man, until she retired as an actor in 1962.

Davis served on the board of directors of the Screen Actors Guild for nearly ten years during her tenure. Albert Brooks attempted to coerce her out of acting by giving her the role opposite himself in his 1996 film Mother. Debbie Reynolds appeared in order to care for her husband in order to care for her husband.

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