Louis Farrakhan

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Louis Farrakhan Sr. (born Louis Eugene Walcott, 1933) formerly known as Louis X, is an American minister who leads the Nation of Islam (NOI), which the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) describes as a black nationalist and black supremacist group.

He served as the Minister of Mosques in Boston and Harlem, and as the National Representative of the Nation of Islam, a former NOI leader Elijah Muhammad. Farrakhan started to rebuild the NOI after Warith Deen Muhammad reorganized the original NOI into the orthodox Sunni Islamic group American Society of Muslims.

He officially adopted the word "Nation of Islam" in 1981, reviving the company and establishing its headquarters in Mosque Maryam. The Anti-Defamation League (ADL), the SPLC, and other monitoring agencies have described Farrakhan as antisemitic.

According to the SPLC, the NOI endorses an anti-white theology.

Several of his remarks have also been characterized as homophobic.

Farrakhan has debating these stereotypes. In October 1995, he organized and led the Million Man March in Washington, D.C., but he halted his involvement with the NOI in 2007.

Farrakhan, on the other hand, has continued to preach sermons and speak at NOI conferences.

Justice or Else, or Else, he was leading the 20th anniversary of the Million Man March in 2015.

Early life and education

Farrakhan was born Louis Eugene Walcott in The Bronx, New York City, the younger of Sarah Mae Manning (1900-1981) and Perpetual Clark, immigrants from the Anglo-Caribbeans islands. His mother was born in Saint Kitts, while his father was Jamaican. The couple separated before their second son was born, and Farrakhan claims he never knew their biological father.

In a 1996 interview with Henry Louis Gates Jr., he speculated that his father, "Gene," may have been Jewish.

The Walcott family immigrated to Boston, where they settled in Roxbury, Massachusetts, after his stepfather died in 1936.

Walcott played his first violin at the age of five, and by the time he was 12 years old, he had been on tour with the Boston College Orchestra. He competed in national competitions and then won them a year later. He was one of the first black artists to appear on the Ted Mack Original Amateur Hour in 1946, where he also received an award. Walcott and his family were active members of the Episcopal St. Cyprian's Church in Roxbury.

Walcott attended Boston Latin School and then the English High School, where he graduated. He spent three years at Winston-Salem Teachers College, where he had a track scholarship.

Walcott married Betsy Ross (later known as Khadijah Farrakhan) while in college in 1953. Walcott's first pregnancy was a failure, and after finishing his junior year of college, he and his family were able to dedicate time to his wife and their child. Farrakhan Jr., the father of 9 children and grandfather of basketball player Mustapha Farrakhan Jr.

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Career and activities (1953–1995)

Walcott began his professional music career as a singer who was branded "The Charmer" in the 1950s. Walcott, who was earning $500 a week, was on tour in the northeastern and midwestern United States, occasionally using the term "Calypso Gene." "The Charmer" was a ragso-calypso style, dating Harry Belafonte's debut with his album Calypso (1954), "With "Uncle Friend," "Stone Cold Man," "Stone Cold Man," "Mattit," "Mary Ann" and "Brown Skin Girl" among others. Some of them have been reissued: "Don't Touch Me Nylon" has mild, explicit sexual undertones, "Female Boxer" has sexist overtones, and "Is She Is She Ain't" was reissued, inspired by Christine Jorgensen's sex change operation.

He was headlinelining a show in Chicago, Illinois, called Calypso Follies, in February 1955. He first connected with the Nation of Islam (NOI) through Rodney Smith, a Boston friend and saxophonist. Elijah Muhammad welcomed Walcott and his wife Betsy to the Nation of Islam's annual Saviours' Day address. Walcott had never heard of Elijah Muhammad before arriving in Saviours' Day, and like many outside of the Nation of Islam, he believed that Malcolm X was the head of the Nation of Islam.

Walcott was a licensed Muslim/registered laborer in 1955, satisfying the requirements. The ten questions and answers of the NOI's Student Enrollment were memorized and recited verbatim. He then wrote a Saviour's Letter, which must be sent to the NOI's Chicago headquarters. The Saviour's Letter must be copied verbatim and have the same handwriting as Wallace Fard Muhammad, the Nation of Islam's founder.

Walcott's official membership as a registered Muslim/registered laborer in the NOI was reviewed and accepted by the NOI's Chicago headquarters in July 1955. He received his "X" as a result. The "X" was considered a placeholder and was used to indicate that the original African families of Islam members' original names had been misplaced. They said that European surnames were slave names imposed by slave owners in order to announce their ownership. When people were waiting for their Islamic names, some NOI members received later in their conversions, members of the NOI used the word "X."

Consequently, Louis Walcott became Louis X. Elijah Muhammad's "X" was replaced by the Arabic word "faiqan, which means "The Criterion." In A White Man's Hell, a black man's hell that appeared on Boston's A Moslem Sings label in 1960, he took a very different tone from his calypso songs. Following Farrakhan's conversion, Elijah Muhammad said that all musicians in the NOI had to choose between music and the Nation of Islam.

Farrakhan, the minister, and a registered Muslim in the NOI and a member of Muhammad's Temple of Islam in Boston, where Malcolm X was the minister, became his assistant minister after nine months of being a registered Muslim in the NOI and a student of Muhammad's Temple of Islam in Boston, where Malcolm X was the minister. After Elijah Muhammad moved Malcolm X to Muhammad's Temple of Islam No. 1, he became the government minister. In Harlem, New York City, the 7th Street on West 116th St. Louis X continued to be mentored by Malcolm X until the latter's assassination in 1965.

Malcolm X died in Harlem, Farrakhan, the day he died, he was on rotation in Newark, New Jersey, 45 minutes away from where Malcolm X was assassinated. Following Malcolm X's death, Elijah Muhammad assigned Farrakhan to the two most influential positions that Malcolm occupied before being barred from the NOI. Farrakhan became the NOI's national spokesperson/national representative, and he was appointed minister of the prestigious Harlem Mosque (Temple), where he served until 1975.

Farrakhan made numerous incendiary remarks about Malcolm X, contributing to what was described as a "climate of vilification." Thomas Hagan, Muhammad Abdul Aziz (aka Norman 3X Butler) and Kahlil Islam (aka Thomas 15X Johnson) were all found guilty of the murder and served prison sentences. Hagan was the only one who admitted to his position.

At the annual Saviours' Day Convention in February 1975, Warith Deen Mohammed, the seventh son of Elijah and Clara Muhammad, was declared the new head of the Nation of Islam. He made significant changes in the company in the late 1970s, including a closer link to orthodox Islam, as well as renaming the group "World Community of Islam in the West" and then renaming it the American Society of Muslims to reflect the group's apparent changes. He condemned the deification of Islam as a person, the Mahdi of the Holy Qur'an, and the messiah of the Bible. White worshipers who were once considered devils and rivals in the NOI were welcomed as equal brothers, sisters, and friends. Chief Min. Nicol. comm. These changes were unveiled at the start of the process. Warith Deen Mohammed, the X's, issued some Euro-Americans X's, and he extended his attempts at inter-religious cooperation and outreach to Christians and Jews. Imam Warith Mohammad changed his name and title from Chief Minister Wallace Muhammad to Imam Warith Mohammad, and Imam Warith Al-Deen Mohammed was renamed after.

Farrakhan was born in Mohammed and followed Imam Warith Al-Deen Mohammed, who went on to become a Sunni Imam for 3+1 years from 1975 to 1978. Imam Mohammed gave Imam Farrakhan the name Abdul-Haleem. Imam Farrakhan distanced himself from Mohammed's movement in 1978. Farrakhan, a 1990 interview with Emerge magazine, said he was disillusioned with Mohammed's work and decided to "quietly walk away" from it rather than spark a schism among its followers rather than cause a schism. Farrakhan and a select group of supporters decided to reconstruct what they considered to be Islam's original Nation of Islam after the foundations were laid by Wallace Fard Muhammad and Elijah Muhammad in 1978. This decision was not announced in advance.

Farrakhan's group established The Final Call in 1979, which was supposed to be similar to Malcolm X's original Muhammad Speaks newspaper. Farrakhan and his allies hosted their first Saviour's Day convention in Chicago, Illinois, where the Nation of Islam was renamed. The function, which took place in Chicago on February 26, 1975, was similar to the previous nation's celebrations. Farrakhan's keynote address at the convention declared his attempt to rebuild the Nation of Islam under Elijah Muhammad's teachings.

At a press conference at the J.W. on October 24, 1989, it was a press conference. Minister Farrakhan of Washington, DC, recalled a dream he had in Tepoztlán, Mexico, on September 17, 1985. As in the Bible's Book of Ezekiel, he was carried up to "a Wheel," or what you'd describe as an unidentified flying object. Elijah Muhammad, the nation's leader, was heard during this visit.

Elijah Muhammad "spoke in short cryptic sentences," he said, but it wasn't a prediction of what was written in my mind, but it was a projection of what was being written in my head. The scroll disappeared as I attempted to read the cursive text in English, and the Honorable Elijah Muhammad began to talk to me." "President Reagan has met with the Joint Chiefs of Staff to discuss a war," Elijah Muhammad said. I want you to host a press conference in Washington, D.C., and state that you got the Wheel's address from me.

"Understand My Experience" was proven in 1987, and on the front page of The Atlanta Constitution, President Reagan Planned War Against Libya,'" Farrakhan said during the same press conference. "The Honorable Elijah Muhammad spoke to me on the Wheel in the article that followed"; the President had met with the Joint Chiefs of Staff and planned a war against Libya in the early part of September 1985," Farrakhan said."

Qubilah Shabazz, Malcolm X and Betty Shabazz's daughter, was arrested on January 12, 1995 with a plot to assassinate Farrakhan in revenge for her father's murder for which she felt she was responsible. "[her family] resented Farrakhan and had a valid reason to do so because he was one of the country's victims of the climate of vilification that resulted in Malcolm X's assassination," Stanford University historian Clayborne Carson said. Shabazz was captured by federal informant Michael Fitzpatrick, who was four years old when her father was killed, according to some commentators later. Shabazz signed a pact in which she maintained her innocence but admitted responsibility for her conduct nearly four months later.

Farrakhan assembled a large community of what he and his allies said in Washington, D.C., for the Million Man March in October. However, the number fell far below the hoped-for figures. Around 440,000 people were present at the National Park Service, according to the National Park Service. Because of the Park Service's inadequate estimate, Farrakhan threatened to sue the National Park Service.

Black men's responsibilities to their families and families have been reiterated by Farrakhan and other speakers. Farrakhan's 212 hours referred to spirituals as well as the Old and New Testament, and he described himself as a prophet sent by God to tell America that it is evil. Many civil rights and religious groups co-sponsored the festival, which attracted men and their sons from around the United States of America. Many other prominent African Americans addressed the throng, including Maya Angelou; Rosa Parks; Martin Luther King III; Cornel West; and Benjamin Chavis. Farrakhan commemorated the tenth anniversary of the Million Man March in 2005 by hosting a second gathering, the Millions More Movement, in Washington, D.C., with other prominent African Americans, such as the New Black Panther Party leader Malik Zulu Shabazz, activist Al Sharpton, Addis Daniel, and others.

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Awards

• 2005, a Black Entertainment Television (BET) poll voted Farrakhan the 'Person of the Year'.