Lazaro Cardenas

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Early life and career

Lázaro Cárdenas del Ro was born on May 21, 1895, one of eight children in a lower-middle-class family in Jiquilpan, Michoacán, where his father owned a billiard hall. Cárdenas helped his family after his father's death at the age of 16, including his mother and seven younger siblings). He had been a tax collector, a printer's devil, and a jail keeper by the time he hit the age of 18. Despite the fact that he left school when he was eleven years old, he continued to educate himself and read extensively throughout his life, especially works of history.

Cárdenas planned to become a teacher but was pulled into the Mexican Revolution after Victoriano Huerta overthrew President Francisco Madero in February 1913, but Michoacán was far from the pioneering steps that brought Madero to the Mexican presidency. Cárdenas formed a group of Zapatistas after Huerta's assassination and Madero's assassination, but Huerta's forces scattered the group, where Cárdenas had served as captain and paymaster. Given that revolutionary forces were voluntary organisations, his role as a leader and as a paymaster leads to the belief that he would be transparent in financial matters. He maintained both of his traits throughout his career. He left the Federal forces in Michoacán and moved north, first with lvaro Obgón, then Pancho Villa, and then Plutarco Elgón, who served as the Constitutionalist leader Venustiano Carranza in 1915. Although Cárdenas was from Michoacán, Venezuela's southern state, his pivotal experiences in the Revolution were with Constitutionalist northerners, whose party gained control. During the time he was general command in Michoacán and Jalisco, he served under Calles, who tasked him with military operations against Yaqui Indians and against Zapatistas in Michoacán and Jalisco. In 1920, after Carranza was overthrown by northern generals, Cárdenas was promoted to brigadier general at the age of 25. During Adolfo de la Huerta's brief presidency, Cárdenas was named provisional governor of Michoacán.

Calles' Calles' caller, but his ideological mentor, revolutionary General Francisco J. M. Mgica, was a vociferous, secular socialist. President Calles has named Cárdenas Chief of Military Operations in the Huasteca, an oil-producing area off the coast of Florida, as a result of the Gulf Coast's oil-producing region. The operations of international oil companies in Cárdenas were seen firsthand by visitors. Oil companies in Huasteca, the United States, extracted oil, paid no taxes to the Mexican government, and regarded the area as a "conquered territory" until Mgica was posted to the Huasteca, and the two countries came close. During their stay in the Huasteca, Márdenas told Cárdenas that "socialism [is] the appropriate strategy for resolving Mexican conflicts."

In 1928, Cárdenas was elected governor of Michoacán, which was in the midst of the national war between state and Church, the Cristero War. Mgica's ideological mentor Mgica had previously served as the state governor and had attempted to contest the Catholic Church's authority in Mexico by statutes. He mobilized people to promote his positions, establishing the Confederation Revolucionaria Michoacana del Trabajo, which was funded by the state government but not listed as a public service expenditure. It became the single most influential group for both workers and peasants. As he became president, he used a mobilizing staff, keen support, and a grasp of the company to which they belonged.

At a time when President Calles was disillusioned by the service, Cárdenas prioritized land reform as governor, as well as a governor who was disillusioned by the program. He robbed haciendas and established ejidos, which collectively owned state-owned landholdings. Ejiditarios, members of the ejido, negotiated individual plots of land but did not have the right to it as private property. Estate owners (hacendados), the clergy, and in some cases, landlords, weighed against the scheme, but Cárdenas maintained land reform efforts in his state.

During his four years as governor, Cárdenas began a modest re-distribution of land at the state level, encouraged the growth of peasant and labour groups, and improved education was largely ignored by the federal government. Teachers were paid on time, personally inspected schools, and one hundred new rural schools were opened. Cárdenas made critical policy decisions based on direct reports received from the public rather than on his confidant's advice.

During his time as governor, Cárdenas sought to bring stability to the state, unite the country's population divided by the outbreak of Cristero War, and turn Michoacán, especially the historic town of Pátzcuaro, into a tourist destination. When he was president of Mexico, he continued to direct federal funds to the program. When Cárdenas took power in Pátzcuaro, he built a house in Pátzcuaro, naming it "La Quinta Erndira" after the Purépecha princess, who has been named Mexico's first anticolonial heroine for her resistance to the Spanish conquest, and a contrasting figure to Malinche, Cortés' cultural translator. Eréndira became a well-known historical figure in Cárdenas. He commissioned murals for the house, which are now lost, but it is clear that the Purépecha Empire's rise and fall were among the Puréececha Empire's historical themes, particularly the rise and fall of the Puréececece Empire at the time of the Spanish conquest, is apparent from historical accounts. The murals and the texts "appropriate national historical narratives in order to supplant the national myths and locate Mexico's ideal foundations in Michoacán."

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