José Sócrates

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José Sócrates Pinto de Sousa, GCIH, a Portuguese politician who served as Prime Minister of Portugal from March 2005 to June 2011.

He served as the President-in-Office of the European Union in the second half of 2007. In Covilh, the industrial city, grew up.

He joined the centre-left Socialist Party in 1981 and was elected Member of Parliament in 1987.

In 1995, Sócrates became Minister of State for Environment in António Guterres' first cabinet.

He was appointed Minister of Youth and Sports in 2000 (where he was instrumental in Portugal's triumph over UEFA Euro 2004) and Environment Minister in 1999.

Sócrates' popularity increased during the government of António Guterres to the point that, when the Prime Minister resigned in 2001, he suggested that Sócrates have his replacement.

Early years

José Sócrates was born in Porto on September 6th, 1957, and was registered as a newborn in Vilar de Maçada, Alijó municipality, northeastern Portugal, since the locality was his family's ancestral homeland. However, in the Centro region of central inland Portugal, the young José Sócrates lived throughout his childhood and teenage years with his father, a divorced building designer. Fernando Pinto de Sousa (Vilar de Maçada, Alijó, 15 November 1926 – Oporto, Oporto, Oporto) and his mother, Maria Adelaide de Carvalho Monteiro (b. Vilar de Maçada, Alijó, 8 October 1931), were both his parents. António Carvalho Pinto de Sousa, a boy who was born circa 1962, and Ana Maria Carvalho Pinto de Sousa died in 1988. He is a descendant of António José Giro Barbo Barbosa's illegitimate daughter (Porto, Sé, 1715) of the Order of Christ, Saint Jean de Maçada.

José Sócrates attended Covilh's elementary and secondary schools until the age of 18. In 1975, then moved to Coimbra in order to enroll in a higher education school. He obtained his bachelor's degree in 1979 as a civil engineering engineer from the Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Coimbra (in 1988, he was integrated into the Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra). He took law classes at Universidade Lusada, a private university in Lisbon, from 1987 to 1993, but did not graduate. In 1994/95, a well-known politician, he briefly studied at the Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, where he earned a CESE diploma in civil engineering from the Universidade Independente, a private university in Lisbon, but he did not complete the degree in 1996 because the Portuguese authorities had closed it down in 2007/2008. He earned his MBA degree from ISCTE, a public university in Lisbon, in 2005, after completing the first year of a two-year master's degree program with ISCTE that he did not complete. Sócrates and his elder son, who died in 2011, followed Sócrates and his younger brother to Paris, where they attended the Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris (formerly known as SciencesPo). SciencesPo granted him his master's degree in political science in 2013. Confiança do Mundo - Sobre a Tortura Em Democracia, his masters thesis was based on his master's research; however, there was some doubt over its authorship.

José Sócrates was one of the founders of JSD (the Portuguese Social Democratic Party's youth group) before relocating his political party and applying for membership in the PS – Portuguese Socialist Party. He has been a member of the Socialist Party since 1981. José Sócrates served as a technical engineer for the Covilh City Council and has been elected a member of the Portuguese Parliament since 1987, representing the Castelo Branco electoral district. He was elected to the National Secretariat of the Castelo Branco Federation of the Socialist Party in 1991 while serving as the chairperson of the party's National Secretariat. José Sócrates was fired by the Board of the Guarda Municipality in 1990 and 1991 after being warned numerous times about poor workmanship of construction projects and a lack of control of the construction projects. Despite being thrown out of office for wrongdoings in specific areas of whose authors' projects, Sócrates was never disciplined. In addition,, Sócrates was not allowed to serve as a civil engineer between 1987 and 1991. He served as a member of the Covilh Municipal Assembly from 1989 to 1996. From 1991 to 1995, he served as the Socialist Party's spokesperson on environmental affairs. In 1995, he became secretary of state for Environment in António Guterres' first administration. Sócrates was Minister of Youth and Sports two years ago and was one of the event's chiefs. In 1999, he became Minister for Environment in Guterres' second government. Sócrates became a member of Portugal's opposition following the 2002 election (won by José Manuel Duro Barroso). Meanwhile, he had a political analysis, which was also broadcast on RTP jointly with Pedro Santana Lopes. Ferro Rodrigues' resignation as party leader in 2004, he won a bid for the post of secretary general against Manuel Alegre and Joo Soares, winning the election by nearly 80% of party members on September 24, 2004. Sócrates was called by President Jorge Sampaio on February 24th to form a new government following his country's win in the 2005 Portuguese election. José Sócrates was elected for a second term as Portugal's prime minister following the 2009 Portuguese legislative election, which took place on September 27. He served as Prime Minister of Portugal as well.

José Miguel Fava Pinto de Sousa, a born engineer with two sons, has divorced Sócrates from Sofia Costa Pinto Fava, an engineer with whom he has two sons. (b. 1993) and Eduardo Fava Pinto de Sousa (b. (1996). Sofia is the daughter of José Manuel Carvalho Fava, an architect, and Clotilde Mesquita (daughter of Armando Mesquita and Palmira da Costa Pinto), engineer and sister of Alexandre Mesquita Carvalho Fava and Mara Mesquita Carvalho Fava. Although he used to be a registered voter of Covilh, the city where he voted until the constitution was changed (since the mid-2000s every person votes in one's residential area).

José Sócrates had photographs of himself taken during his morning jog at places such as the Red Square in Moscow, Rio de Janeiro's Copacabana, Luanda, and Lisbon. A smoking ban was introduced in Portugal's public buildings and on public transport in January 2008, but Sócrates was found to have been smoking in May during a private state flight to Venezuela, where he met Hugo Chávez. He has since admitted to it was a mistake, apologized, and promised to avoid smoking. In addition, he said he was unaware he was breaking the rules the first time even though he did so. However, the Portuguese newspaper Diário de Notcias announced that he was no longer a non-smoker by 2012, even though he had left the spotlight.

Education

José Sócrates attended Covilh's basic and secondary schools until the age of 18. In 1975, then travelled to Coimbra in order to attend a higher education college. He obtained his bacarelato degree from the Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Coimbra in 1979 (in 1988, he was integrated into the Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra). He took law classes at Universidade Lusada, a private university in Lisbon, from 1987 to 1993, but did not graduate. He completed a bachelor degree in civil engineering in 1994-95, becoming a well-known politician, but in 1996, he obtained his licenciatura (licentiate degree) from the Universidade Independente, a private university in Lisbon, which was closed down by Portuguese authorities in 2005/2008. He obtained his MBA degree from ISCTE, a public university in Lisbon, in 2005, after completing the first year of a two-year master's degree program at ISCTE that he did not complete. Sócrates and his elder son, who died in 2011, migrated to Paris, where Sócrates and his Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris (known as SciencesPo) attended the Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris (known as SciencesPo). SciencesPo granted him his master's degree in political science in 2013. His book Confiança do Mundo, Sobre a Tortura Em Democracia, was published in 2013; however, there was some question regarding its authorship.

José Sócrates, one of the founding members of JSD (the Portuguese Social Democratic Party's youth group), before resigning and applying for membership in the PS – Portuguese Socialist Party. Since 1981, he has been a member of the Socialist Party. José Sócrates served as a technical engineer for the Covilh City Council and was elected a member of the Portuguese Parliament in 1987, representing the Castelo Branco electoral district. He was elected to the National Secretariat of the Castelo Branco Federation of the Socialist Party in 1991 while serving as the chairperson of the Castelo Branco Federation (1983-1996). José Sócrates was fired by the Guarda Municipality's Board in 1990 and 1991, after being warned several times about poor quality of construction projects and a lack of control of the construction process. Despite being booted from his position as the author, Sócrates was threatened with discipline for wrongdoings in the technical direction of specific projects. In addition,, Sócrates was not permitted to practice as a technological engineer between 1987 and 1991. He served as a member of the Covilh Municipal Assembly from 1989 to 1996. From 1991 to 1995, he served as the Socialist Party's spokesperson on environmental affairs. In 1995, he became the minister of State for Environment in the first government of António Guterres. Sócrates became Minister of Youth and Sports and was one of the EURO 2004 cup in Portugal's two years ago. In Guterres' second government, he was Minister for Environment. Sócrates became a member of the opposition in Portugal following the 2002 elections (won by José Manuel Duro Barroso). In the meantime, he had a political research service, which was hosted on RTP jointly with Pedro Santana Lopes. Ferro Rodrigues resigned as the party's leader in 2004, he won a bid for the position of secretary-general against Manuel Alegre and Joo Soares, winning the popular vote by almost 80% of party members on September 24. Sócrates was summoned by President Jorge Sampaio on February 24th to form a new government after his party's victory in the 2005 Portuguese election. (after 1976). José Sócrates was elected for a second term as Portugal's prime minister after the 2009 Portuguese presidential election, which took place on September 27. He served as the prime minister of Portugal and was also a member of the Portuguese Council of State.

José Miguel Fava Pinto de Sousa, a scientist with two sons, has divorced Sócrates from Sofia Costa Pinto Fava, an engineer with whom he has two sons. (1993) and Eduardo Fava Pinto de Sousa (b. ). (1996). Sofia is a daughter of José Manuel Carvalho Fava, an architect, and Clotilde Mesquita (daughter of Armando Mesquita and Palmira da Costa Pinto), engineer and sister of Alexandre Mesquita Carvalho Fava. Although he used to be a registered voter of Covilh, the municipality where he voted before the law was changed in mid-2000s, he lives in Lisbon.

José Sócrates had photos of himself taken during his morning stroll at places like the Red Square in Moscow, Rio de Janeiro's Copacabana, Luanda, and Lisbon. A smoking ban was in place in Portugal's public buildings and on public transport in January 2008, but Sócrates was found to have been smoking in May during a private state flight to Venezuela, where he met Hugo Chávez. He has since admitted that it was a mistake, apologized, and promised to avoid smoking. In addition,, he said he was unaware he was breaking the rules when he did so. However, the Portuguese newspaper Diário de Notcias announced that he was no longer a non-smoker by 2012, even though he had left the spotlight.

Personal life

José Miguel Fava Pinto de Sousa, a philosopher who has two sons, has divorced Sócrates from Sofia Costa Pinto Fava, an engineer with whom he has two sons. Eduardo Fava Pinto de Sousa, 1993, b. (1996). Sofia is a daughter of José Manuel Carvalho Fava, an architect, and Clotilde Mesquita (daughter of Armando Mesquita and Palmira da Costa Pinto), engineer and sister of Alexandre Mesquita Carvalho Fava, Mara Mesquita Carvalho Fava. Although he used to be a registered voter of Covilh, the place where the government was changed in the mid-2000s (since every person votes in one's constituency area) is a sócrates, he lives in Lisbon.

José Sócrates had pictures of himself taken during his morning jog at Moscow's Red Square, Rio de Janeiro's Copacabana, Luanda, and Lisbon. A smoking ban was introduced in Portugal's public buildings and on public transportation in January 2008, but Sócrates was reportedly smoking in May aboard a private state flight to Venezuela, where he met Hugo Chávez. Since admitting to it was a mistake, he has apologized and promised to avoid smoking. In addition, he said he was unaware he was breaking the rules when he did so. However, the Portuguese newspaper Diário de Noticicias announced that he was no longer a non-smoker by 2012, well after he had been out of the spotlight.

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Political career

José Sócrates was one of the founders of JSD (the youth branch of PSD – Portuguese Social Democratic Party) before changing his political affiliation and applying for membership in the PS – Portuguese Socialist Party. He has been a member of the Socialist Party since 1981. José Sócrates served as a technical engineer for the Covilhã City Council, and has been elected a member of the Portuguese Parliament since 1987, representing the Castelo Branco electoral district. While serving as the chairperson of the Castelo Branco Federation of the Socialist Party (1983–1996), he was elected to the Party's National Secretariat in 1991. José Sócrates was ousted by the Board of the Guarda Municipality in 1990 and 1991, after being warned several times because of poor quality of construction projects and lack of monitoring of the construction works. Sócrates was threatened with disciplinary action for wrongdoings in the technical direction of particular works of whose projects he was the author, but despite being ousted from this capacity, he was never penalized. In addition, as a Member of the Parliament, Sócrates was not allowed by law to work as a technical engineer between 1987 and 1991. From 1989 to 1996, he served as a member of the Covilhã Municipal Assembly. He served as spokesperson on environmental affairs for the Socialist Party from 1991 to 1995. In 1995, he entered government as secretary of state for Environment in the first government of António Guterres. Two years later, Sócrates became Minister for Youth and Sports and was one of the organizers of the EURO 2004 cup in Portugal. He became Minister for Environment in Guterres' second government in 1999. Following the elections of 2002 (won by José Manuel Durão Barroso), Sócrates became a member of the opposition in the Portuguese Parliament. Meanwhile, he also had a program of political analysis, hosted jointly with Pedro Santana Lopes on RTP. After the resignation of Ferro Rodrigues as party leader in 2004, he won a bid for the post of secretary-general against Manuel Alegre and João Soares, winning the vote of nearly 80% of party members on 24 September 2004. After the victory of his party in the 2005 Portuguese election, Sócrates was called on 24 February by President Jorge Sampaio to form a new government – the 17th Constitutional Government (after 1976). After the Portuguese legislative election of 2009, held on 27 September 2009, José Sócrates was elected for a second term as prime minister of Portugal. He was also a Member of the Portuguese Council of State as the prime minister.

Sócrates is divorced from Sofia Costa Pinto Fava, an engineer, with whom he has two sons, José Miguel Fava Pinto de Sousa (b. 1993) and Eduardo Fava Pinto de Sousa (b. 1995). Sofia is a daughter of José Manuel Carvalho Fava, an architect, and Clotilde Mesquita (daughter of Armando Mesquita and Palmira da Costa Pinto), engineer and sister of Alexandre Mesquita Carvalho Fava and Mara Mesquita Carvalho Fava. Sócrates lives in Lisbon, although he used to be a registered elector of the municipality of Covilhã, the place where he voted until the law was changed (since after the mid-2000s every person votes in one's residential area).

José Sócrates had photos of himself taken during his morning jog at places like the Red Square in Moscow, Rio de Janeiro's Copacabana, Luanda, and Lisbon. In January 2008, a smoking ban came into force in Portugal's public buildings and on public transport, but Sócrates was reported to have been smoking in May during a private state flight to Venezuela where he met Hugo Chávez. He has since admitted it was a mistake, apologized and promised to quit smoking. In addition, he claimed he was not aware he was breaking the law when he did so. However, by 2012, after he had left the spotlight, the Portuguese newspaper Diário de Notícias reported he was no longer a non-smoker.

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