Jim Jarmusch

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James Robert Jarmusch (born January 22, 1953) is an American film writer, screenwriter, actor, producer, editor, and composer.

Since the 1980s, he has been a leading proponent of independent cinema, directing films such as Stranger Than Paradise (1989), Down by Law (1989), Dead Man (1999), Only Lovers Left Alive (2013), and Paterson (2016).

In December 2002, Stranger Than Paradise was added to the National Film Registry.

Jarmusch has composed music for his films and has released two albums with Jozef van Wissem.

Early life

Jarmusch was born in Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, where three children of middle-class suburbanites were born. His mother, who is of German and Irish descent, had been a film and theatre critic for the Akron Beacon Journal before marrying his father, a Czech and German businessman who worked for the B.F. Goodrich Company. When she ran errands, she introduced Jarmusch to cinema by leaving him at a local theater to watch matinee double features such as Attack of the Crab Monsters and Creature From the Black Lagoon. He remembers seeing the 1958 cult classic Thunder Road, the brutality and mistiness of which left an impression on the seven-year-old Jarmusch. Ghoulardi, an eccentric Cleveland television show that featured horror films, was another B-movie influence from his childhood.

In his youth, Jarmusch was an avid reader who flocked to film. He had a much greater interest in literature than was encouraged by his grandmother. Jarmusch, who refused to attend church with his Episcopalian parents (not liking the prospect of sitting in a stuffy room wearing a little tie), attributes literature with influencing his metaphysical beliefs and causing him to rethink theology in his mid-teens.

He acquired a love for counterculture, and he and his siblings would steal the records and books of their older siblings' older siblings, as shown by William Burroughs, Jack Kerouac, and The Mothers of Invention. They made fake identity papers that allowed them to visit bars over the weekend, but also the local art house cinema, which often featured pornographic films, but they did occasionally have underground films such as Robert Downey's Putney Swope and Andy Warhol's Chelsea Girls. He began an apprenticeship with a commercial photographer at one time. "Growing up in Ohio was just going to get out," he later said.

Jarmusch graduated from high school in 1971 and enrolled in Northwestern University's Medill School of Journalism. After being asked to leave because he had failed to enroll in any journalism programs, Jarmusch favored literature and art history, and the following year, he went to Columbia University with the intention of becoming a poet. He studied English and American literature at Columbia University, as well as New York School avant garde poets Kenneth Koch and David Shapiro. He began to write short "narrative abstract pieces" and edited the undergraduate literary journal The Columbia Review at Columbia University.

Jarmusch spent his last year at Columbia University in Paris on an exchange scheme, but it soon became ten months. He worked as a delivery driver for an art gallery and spent the majority of his time in the Cinémathèque Française.

In 1975, Jarmusch received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Columbia University. Since returning from Paris in 1976, he was broke and working as a musician in New York City. He applied on a whim to the School of the Arts in New York City (then under the direction of Hollywood producer László Benedek). Despite the fact that he had no expertise in filmmaking, his submission of a collection of photographs and an essay about filmmaking gained him acceptance into the program. He was an undergraduate at the University of On the course, he worked with Sara Driver, Tom DiCillo, Howard Brookner, and Spike Lee. Jarmusch and his contemporaries were part of an alternative culture scene in New York City during the late 1970s, centered on the CBGB's music club.

Jarmusch was an assistant to film noir director Nicholas Ray, who was then teaching in the department at that time. Jarmusch recalled the formative experience of showing his mentor his first script in an anecdote; Ray condemned the script's lack of intervention, prompting Jarmusch's response after meditating on the issue by reworking the script to be much less dramatic. Ray responded positively to Jarmusch's dissent on his student's return with the revised script, quoting a strong sense of autonomy. Jarmusch was Ray's only one—as his personal assistant—on Lightning Over Water, a documentary about his dying years in which he was collaborating with Wim Wenders. Ray died in 1979 after a long battle with cancer. Jarmusch began working on a film for his last project a few days after being encouraged by Ray and New York underground filmmaker Amos Poe and using federal funds from the Louis B. Mayer Foundation to pay for his school tuition. Jarmusch's use of his funds, as well as the project itself, was unimpressed, and the university refused to give him a degree.

Personal life

Jarmusch never speaks about his personal life in public. He divides his time between New York City and the Catskill Mountains. He quit drinking coffee in 1986, the year of the first edition of Coffee and Cigarettes, but he continues to smoke cigarettes.

Jarmusch said in a February 2014 interview that he did not care about eternal life because "there's something about life that's really important, and having it stripped would be a burden."

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Career

Jarmusch's final year university project was completed in 1980 as Permanent Vacation, his first feature film. It had its premiere at the International Filmfestival Mannheim-Heidelberg (formerly known as Filmweek Mannheim) and received the Josef von Sternberg Award. It was made on a shoestring budget of about $12,000 in misdirected scholarship funds and a 16-mm film by cinematographer Tom DiCillo. As he wanders around downtown Manhattan, the quasi-autobiographical film follows an adolescent drifter (Chris Parker).

The film was not released theatrically and did not attract the kind of adulation from critics who greeted his later work. "The only talent he demonstrated in the director's debut was for collecting egregiously untalled actors," Washington staff writer Hal Hinson would disparagingly state in an aside. The bleak and unrefined Permanent Vacation is still one of the director's most personal films, and it introduces several of the principals he will have in his later films, including derelict urban settings, chance encounters, and a skewed sensibility.

Stranger Than Paradise (1984)

Stranger Than Paradise, Jarmusch's first major film, was released in 1984 with a budget of about $125,000 and received acclaim. The film, which was a deadpan comedy chronicling three disillusioned youths from New York to Florida, defying much of Hollywood filmmaking's conventions. At the 1984 Cannes Film Festival, as well as the 1985 National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Film, it became a pioneering work in modern independent film.

Down by Law (1986)

Jarmusch wrote and directed Down by Law, starring musicians John Lurie and Tom Waits, and Italian comedian Roberto Benigni (his first appearance to American audiences) as three convicts exiled from a New Orleans jailhouse in 1986. This constructivist neo-noir was Jarmusch's first collaboration with Dutch cinematographer Robby Müller, who had been known for his work with Wenders, like the director's previous attempts in black and white.

Further films

Both his next two films experimented with parallel narratives: Mystery Train (1989) told three separate stories set in and around a small Memphis hotel, and Night on Earth (1991) involved five cab drivers and their passengers on rides in five different world cities, beginning at sundown in Los Angeles and ending at sunrise in Helsinki. Mystery Train later became less bleak and somber than Jarmusch's earlier work, but the director's curiosity of America was still present. About a week, he wrote Night on Earth out of fear of the demise of another film he had written and the desire to visit and collaborate with colleagues such as Benigni, Gena Rowlands, Winona Ryder, and Isaach de Bankolé.

Jarmusch was a leading representative of the American road movie style as a result of his early work. These early Jarmusch films were not meant to be popular filmgoers, gaining a small but dedicated American following and cult status in Europe and Japan. At the 1989 Cannes Film Festival, each of the four films had its premiere at the New York Film Festival, while Mystery Train was in competition at the 1989 Cannes Film Festival. Jarmusch's distinct aesthetic and auteur status sparked a critical reaction at the end of this period, but reviewers praised the appearance and adroitness of Mystery Train and Night On Earth, the director was increasingly charged with repetitiveness and risk-aversion.

In 1989, Leningrad Cowboys Go America, a used car dealer, reaffirmed his love and involvement in the road movie genre. In 1991, Jarmusch appeared in Episode One of John Lurie's cult television series Fishing With John.

Dead Man (1995)

Jarmusch released Dead Man, a period film set in the 19th century American West starring Johnny Depp and Gary Farmer, in 1995. With a high-profile cast including John Hurt, Gabriel Byrne, and Robert Mitchum, the film's director's last film appearance, it marked a significant departure from his previous films. Dead Man was thematically broad and of an often violent and increasingly disturbing character, with the highest tone in comparison to its self-consciously hip and ironic predecessors. Robby Müller shot the film in black and white, with a score composed and performed by Neil Young, for whom Jarmusch later shot Year of the Horse, which attracted little attention in 1997. Despite being badly received by mainstream American reviewers, Dead Man found a following internationally and among critics, many of whom praised it as a visionary masterpiece. It has been lauded as one of the few films made by a Caucasian that showcases authentic Native American history and culture, and Jarmusch maintains it as such, despite receiving both praise and criticism for its portrayal of the American West, violence, and especially Native Americans.

Ghost Dog (1999)

Following artistic success and critical success in the American independent film industry, he gained widespread attention with his far-East philosophical crime film Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai (1999), shot in Jersey City and starring Forest Whitaker as a young inner-city man whose life is based on the Hagakure, an 18th-century philosophy text and training guide for samurai, who is also a threat to a local mob boss to whom he owe The Wu-Tang Clan's soundtrack blends into the director's "aesthetics of sampling." The film was one of a series of books aimed at and discussing its characters, with the majority of them appearing bibliographically as part of the end credits. In addition, the film is said to be a tribute to Le Samourai, a 1967 French New Wave film starring renowned French actor Alain Delon in a strikingly similar role and plot.

Since the introduction of Ghost Dog in New York City, the director has attributed it to a creative crisis. The debut of Coffee and Cigarettes, a collection of eleven short films of people sitting around drinking coffee and smoking cigarettes that had been shot by Jarmusch over the past two decades, was delayed until 2004. In 1986, Roberto Benigni and comedian Steven Wright were paired for the first vignette, "Strange to Meet You," and it was broadcast on Saturday Night Live. This had been followed three years by "Twins," a film starring actor Steve Buscemi and Cinqué Lee, and then "Somewhere in California" starring musician Tom Waits and Iggy Pop in 1993.

Broken Flowers (2005)

Bill Murray appeared in Broken Flowers in 2005, when he followed Coffee and Cigarettes as an early retiree who goes in search of his missing son in the hope of coping with a midlife crisis. Jarmusch signed a deal with Fortissimo Films, whereby the producer will fund and have "first-look" rights to the director's future films, as well as paying some of the production company's overhead costs, Exoskeleton. The film premiered at the 58th Cannes Film Festival, where it was a candidate for the Palme d'Or and Grand Prix winners. The film was described as "Jarmusch's most enjoyable, accessible film for some time," according to film critic Peter Bradshaw, "a very touching piece of film-making, bolstered by excellent performances from an all-star cast led by eternally droll, seductively sensitive Bill Murray." In 2005, he made his first appearance with Fortissimo Films.

The Limits of Control (2009)

Jarmusch's The Limits of Control, a small, meditative crime film set in Spain, starred Isaach de Bankolé as a lone assassin with a mystery mission in 2009. Behind Jim Jarmusch, a behind-the-scenes documentary shot on location in Seville by filmmaker Léa Rinaldi, was shot over three days. Jarmusch appeared in an episode of HBO' Bored to Death in October 2009, and the following September, Jarmusch helped with the All Tomorrow's Parties music festival in Monticello, New York.

Jarmusch revealed his impending work schedule in a recent interview in August 2010: he would have turned down a new career path at that time: a journalist from Germany.

Only Lovers Left Alive (2013)

Jarmusch eventually earned funds for the aforementioned film project after a protracted delay, and Jarmusch began shooting Only Lovers Left Alive with Tilda Swinton, Tom Hiddleston (who replaced Fassbender), Mia Wasikowska, Anton Yelchin, and John Hurt in July 2012, while Jarmusch's musical project SQÜRL were the principal contributors to the film's soundtrack, although Jarmusch's musical project SQÜr Jarmusch explains the seven-year completion time frame at the former Cannes Film Festival and the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF), explaining that no one wanted to give us the money. It took years to put it together. Films that are a little odd, or not predictable, or don't meet people's expectation of something are getting more difficult." The film's budget was US$7 million and its UK debut date was February 21, 2014.

Paterson (2016)

In 2016, Jarmusch wrote and directed Paterson. The film follows an inner-city bus driver and poet (Adam Driver) in Paterson, New Jersey, who shares the same name as the city. Paterson was inspired by objectivist American poet William Carlos Williams and his epic poem "Paterson." Jarmusch's other films have a wry, minimalist style, and the dog in the film has received 22 award nominations for Jarmusch, Driver, and Nellie. Paterson's poetry writing journey is interspersed with his observations and observations of the people he meets on his bus route and in his daily life. "A mild-mannered, almost startlingly dratic work that provides subtle pleasures to longtime followers of the New York indie-scene veteran who can always be counted on to go his own way," The Hollywood Reporter's Todd McCarthy wrote about it. "The film was an apt representation by Jarmusch, a filmmaker who continues to surprise and innovate while remaining true to his singular voice, and who has here seems to have delivered its purest expression," IndieWire's film critic Eric Kohn wrote.

The Dead Don't Die (2019)

Jarmusch wrote and directed his first horror film, The Dead Don't Die, starring Bill Murray, Adam Driver, Chloemi, Tilda Swinton, Carol Kane, and Selena Gomez. The film premiered at the 72nd Cannes Film Festival on June 14, 2019 and received mixed feedback. Focus Features produced the film. "At times, the deadpan of Murray and Driver becomes, a bit dead, and realistic wit is in short supply, even though the film is amusing most of the way." Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter described the film as "At times, the deadpan of Murray and Driver becomes, well, a bit deadening."

In April 2021, a short film titled French Water was released. Jarmusch directed and wrote the film for the Saint Laurent fashion house to celebrate the spring/summer 2021 collection. Among other things, Charlotte Gainsbourg and Julianne Moore appeared in the film.

With Some Collages, he created his first work as a collage artist in September 2021.

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