Eric Himpton Holder Jr.

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Eric Himpton Holder Jr. (born January 21, 1951) is an American lawyer who served as the nation's 82nd Attorney General from 2009 to 2015.

Holder, the first African American to hold the position of Attorney General in both a confirmed and acting capacity.

After law school, he moved from New York to work with the Department of Justice's Public Integrity Section for a year.

He served as a judge of the District of Columbia's Superior Court before being named by President Bill Clinton as the United States Attorney for the District of Columbia and later Deputy Attorney General.

Although he was the United States Attorney, he convicted Congressman Dan Rostenkowski of misconduct relating to his involvement in the Congressional Post Office fiasco. He spent time in Washington, D.C., as a member of the Clinton administration. He served as senior legal advisor to Barack Obama during Obama's presidential bid and was one of three members of Obama's vice presidential selection committee.

Holder was a close friend and confidant of Obama's and was appointed as President Obama's first Attorney General, and he was the first sitting Attorney General to be held in contempt of Congress as a result of the Operation Fast and Furious ATF gunwalking scandal; however, the Justice Department's Inspector General cleared Holder of any wrongdoing later.

Loretta Lynch took over as Attorney General in April 2015.

He returned to Covington & Burling, where he continues to work, and is also involved in efforts to reform the National Democratic Redistricting Committee, and is actively involved with efforts toward gerrymandering reform.

He is a member of the Democratic Party.

Early life and education

Eric Himpton Holder Jr. was born in The Bronx, New York, to parents with roots in Barbados. Eric Himpton Holder Sr., the former owner of the holder, was born in Saint Joseph, Barbados, and died in the United States at the age of 11. He later became a real estate broker. Miriam, 24, 1924-2010, was born in New Jersey, while his maternal grandparents, emigrants from Saint Philip, Barbados, were born in New Jersey. Holder grew up in East Elmhurst, Queens, and attended public school until the age of 10. When entering the 4th grade, he was selected to participate in a program for academically gifted Black students.

He graduated from Stuyvesant High School in Manhattan in 1969 and attended Columbia University, where he played freshman basketball and football, as a teammate of actor Ed Harris. He stayed in Carman Hall at that time. He obtained his B.A. In 1973, a degree in American history was awarded. Holder was awarded his J.D. Columbia Law School has a degree, having graduated in 1976. During his first summer and as the United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York in his second summer, he worked for the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund.

Holder, a freshman at Columbia, was one of many dozen students who staged an occupation of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps' office in 1969, renaming it as the Malcolm X student center.

Personal life

Sharon Malone, an obstetrician, is married to the holder. There are three children in the household. Vivian Malone Jones, a Malone sister, was known for her participation in the Stand in the Schoolhouse Door, which resulted in a University of Alabama integration. Holder has been involved in various mentoring services for inner-city youth. Jeff Malone's uncle, as well as a dieter in NBA All-Star Jeff Malone, is an avid basketball fan and a big basketball fan. Holder and his wife live in Washington, D.C., D.C.

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Career

Holder attended Columbia Law School before joining the US Justice Department's new Public Integrity Section, where he served from 1976 to 1988. During his stay in Abscam, he helped in the trial of Democratic Congressman John Jenrette for bribery discovered in the Abscam investigation. Ronald Reagan appointed Holder to sit as a judge of the District of Columbia's Superior Court in 1988.

Holder resigned from the bench in 1993 to accept President Bill Clinton's appointment as the District of Columbia's Attorney. He was the first Black American Attorney in the United States' cabinet. He oversaw the trial of Dan Rostenkowski's graft lawsuit, which was part of the Congressional Post Office investigation, at the start of his tenure. He was a prosecutor before his promotion to Deputy Attorney General in 1997. In 1996 and 1997, Holder served on the Board of Trustees of The George Washington University.

Clinton nominated Holder as the Deputy Attorney General under Janet Reno in 1997, following Jamie Gorelick's retirement. Holder was confirmed in the Senate by a majority vote several months later. During his confirmation hearing, Holder's opposition to the death penalty was questioned, but Reno confirmed that he would comply with the new rules and Reno, "I am not a fan of the death penalty, but I will enforce the statute as long as Congress gives it to us." Holder was the first African American to serve in that capacity.

Holder's main duties as Deputy Attorney General were in the areas of budget and personnel; this included resolving disputes within department heads and briefing journalists on policy issues, national security issues, and major investigation, including the Federal Bureau of Investigations into allegations of bribery and corruption in the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City. The Independent Counsel statute was later referred to Reno by Holder. Reno made the decision to authorize Kenneth Starr to extend his probe into the Lewinsky affair, which culminated in Clinton's impeachment.

Holder, a vocal proponent of new hate crime legislation in the United States, was a victim of Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr.'s assassination of Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr.'s. The new legislation, according to the Holder, places significant limitations on the ability of federal investigators and lawyers to help in these situations.

Holder fulfilled his obligations with Clinton's last-minute pardon of fugitive and Democratic contributor Marc Rich in his final days in the Clinton administration. Holder said he was first "neutral" in the decision to give Rich a pardon, but he could lean in favour of it if national security benefits were available. The pardon was allegedly informed by the Holder that Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak had begged on Clinton to authorize the pardon. Holder said at the time that he did not give the case much consideration because no fugitive had ever been granted a presidential pardon. Later that day, he regretted that he had investigated it more deeply and expressed regret for the incident. "I wish that I had made sure that the Department of Justice was more well informed and involved in this pardon process," he said, acknowledging the error.

According to a 2003 survey, Republicans on the House Government Reform Committee disagreed with Holder's version, inferring that he was a knowing participant. Holder failed to fully inform the prosecutors of the pending pardon, according to the pair, who also slammed Clinton's "neutral leanings favorable" opinion.

Louis Freeh, the former FBI chief, spoke out in 2009 and said that the Clinton White House had "used" Holders and kept both the FBI and the Department of Justice (DOJ) in the dark about their full operations until the last minute pardons.

Acting Attorney General under President George W. Bush for a brief period until Senate announced Bush's nominee, John Ashcroft.

Holder served as an attorney general for Covington & Burling in Washington, D.C., representing clients such as Merck and the National Football League from 2001 to 2005. During Michael Vick's dog fighting probe, he represented the NFL.

Holder helped negotiate an agreement with Chiquita Brands International in a case that involved Chiquita's transfer of "protection funds" to the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC), a group on the US government's list of international terrorist organisations. Chiquita's officials pleaded guilty and suspended a fine of $25 million. In the civil lawsuit that resulted from this criminal lawsuit, the petitioner represented Chiquita. Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich had recruited Holder and Covington & Burling to serve as a special investigator to the Illinois Gaming Board in March 2004. The probe was eventually suspended on May 18, 2004.

Holder was the firm's Guantanamo prisoner, but Holder was not allowed to refrain from answering questions relating to it.

In October 2004, he defended Purdue Pharma in a West Virginia court against allegations of misleading marketing of their drug OxyContin.

Holder acted for UBS, the Swiss private bank, during his years in private practice. Due to this, he excused himself from participating in the Department of Justice probe into UBS' tax evasion by US account holders and the prosecution of Brad Birkenfeld. (As Attorney General Richard Covington and Burling's attorney resigned from the Roger Clemens contempt of Congress lawsuit because the pitcher was once a client of Covington and Burling.)

Holder said the Second Amendment does not guarantee an individual's right to keep and bear arms for purposes unrelated to a State's operation of a well-regulated militia, which was being heard by the Supreme Court in 2008. According to Holder, overturning the 1976 constitution "opens the door to more people having more access to weapons and carrying guns on the streets."

Holder joined then-Senator Barack Obama's presidential campaign as a senior legal advisor in late 2007. He served on Obama's vice presidential select committee.

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