Mohamed Morsi

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Mohamed Mohamed Morsi Issa Al-Ayyat (born in El Adwah, Sharqia Governorate, before focusing on metallurgical engineering at Cairo University and then materials science at the University of Southern California) in Mohammed Mohammed Morsi Issa.

He served as an associate professor at California State University, Northridge, from 1982 to 1985, before returning to Egypt to teach at Zagazig University.

Morsi ran as an outsider candidate in the 2000 parliamentary elections associating with the Muslim Brotherhood, which was then barred from office under President Hosni Mubarak.

Morsi came to the forefront as the head of the Freedom and Justice Party following the 2011 Egyptian Revolution, which culminated in Mubarak's resignation.

Morsi was elected president in the 2012 presidential election by the largest party in the 2011-12 parliamentary election, and it was the most overwhelmingly voted party in the 2011-12 election. Morsi, the president, made a provisional constitutional declaration in November 2012 that in effect granted him unlimited powers and the authority to legislate without any legislative oversight or investigation of his conduct as a pre-emptive measure against the dissolution of the second constituent assembly by the Mubarak-era judges.

Independent media outlets that were not aligned with the regime, however, said the new constitution, which was then hurriedly finalized by the Islamist-ruled constitutional assembly and scheduled for a referendum before the Supreme Constitutional Court could determine the constitutionality of the assembly.

The 2012 demonstrations, as well as reports of journalists' arrests and assaults on nonviolent demonstrators, prompted to the arrests.

Morsi rescinded the orders as part of a settlement.

Around two-thirds of voters in the referendum voted for Morsi's resignation in June 2013.

The military, bolstered by the political opposition and leading religious figures, stepped in and deposed Morsi in a coup.

The constitution was suspended and Adly Mansour was named interim president.

Pro-Morsi protests were demolished, resulting in over 800 deaths.

Egyptian prosecutors charged Morsi with various offences and requested the death penalty, a charge Amnesty International denounced as "a charade based on null and void procedures."

In November 2016, his death sentence was reversed and a retrial was ordered.

Morsi died after a trial on June 17th.

Early life and education

Mohamed Morsi was born in the Sharqia Governorate, northern Egypt, of modest provincial origins, in the village of El Adwah, north of Cairo, on August 8, 1951, during the Egyptian monarchy's final years. His father was a fisherman and his mother was a housewife. He was the eldest of five brothers, and he told reporters that he remembered being carried to school on the back of a donkey. He went to Cairo University to study engineering, and in 1975, he earned a BSc in engineering with high honors. He served in the Egyptian Army from 1975 to 1976, spending in the chemical warfare unit. He then revived his studies at Cairo University and obtained an MS in metallurgical engineering in 1978. Morsi earned a federal scholarship that enabled him to study in the United States after completing his master's degree. He obtained a PhD in materials science from the University of Southern California in 1982 with his dissertation on aluminium oxide.

Personal life

In 1979, Morsi married Naglaa Ali Mahmoud. According to reports, she did not want to be referred to as "First Lady" but rather as "First Servant [of the Egyptian public]."

Morsi had five children: Ahmed Mohammed Morsi, a physician in Saudi Arabia; Shaima, a Zagazig University graduate; and Omar, who has a bachelor of commerce; and Abdullah, who died from a heart attack while driving his vehicle on September 4, 2019, but his lawyers confirmed he died after being injected with a lethal substance on September 7, 2020. Two of Morsi's five children were born in California and are U.S. citizens by birth. Morsi has three grandchildren. Five months after his graduation, Omar's third son, Omar, was appointed to the Holding Company for Airports, a state-owned firm. Nonetheless, he resigned from the job due to a slew of rumors and mocking in the media and newspapers.

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Academic and engineering career

Morsi served as an assistant professor at California State University, Northridge, from 1982 to 1985, while living in the United States.

Morsi resigned from CSUN and returned to Egypt in 1985, becoming a professor at Zagazig University, where he was named head of the engineering department. Morsi was a lecturer at Zagazig University's engineering department before 2010.

Political career

Morsi was first elected to parliament in 2000. He served as a Member of Parliament from 2000 to 2005, first as an outsider since the Brotherhood was constitutionally forbidden from running for office under President Hosni Mubarak. He was a member of the Guidance Office of the Muslim Brotherhood until the founding of the Freedom and Justice Party in 2011, at which time he was elected by the MB's Guidance Office to be the first president of the new party. Morsi said of the Israeli-Palestinian war that "the two-state solution is nothing more than a delusion concocted by the brutal usurper of the Palestinian lands" when he was in charge of this region in 2010.

Morsi described the September 11 attacks as a "horrible crime against innocent civilians." However, he accused the US of using the 9/11 attacks as a pretext for invading Afghanistan and Iraq, and claimed that the US had not issued "evidence" that the attackers were Muslims. He also stated that the plane incident alone did not bring down the World Trade Center, suggesting something "happened from the inside." The majority of Egyptians, as well as Egyptian liberals, hold such views. In the United States, his remarks drew indignation.

On January 28, 2011, Morsi was arrested along with 24 other Muslim Brotherhood leaders. Two days later, he was released from prison in Cairo. The break of Wadi el-Natroun Prison received a lot of coverage within hours of its occurrence, with some reports indicating that the political prisoners were rescued from detention by "armed gangs" exploiting Egypt's chaos.

Morsi, a four-year prisoner, was convicted of his involvement in the prison escape four years ago. On May 16, 2015, he and 105 others were sentenced to death. The cassation judge reversed Morsi and five others' death sentence and ordered retrials.

After Khairat El-Shater was disqualified from the 2012 presidential race, Morsi, who had been initially regarded as a back-up candidate, has emerged as the current Muslim Brotherhood candidate. At a rally in El-Mahalla El-Kubra, the epicentre of Egyptian worker demonstrations, well-known Egyptian cleric Safwat Hegazi.

Following a second run-off election in Egypt's first post-Mubarak presidential election, where exit polls showed a 25.5 percent vote for Morsi, he was officially announced as the president on June 24, 2012. Morsi supporters in Cairo's Tahr Square celebrated, and rage outbursts occurred at the Egypt Election Authorities press conference when the results were declared. He came in just before former Mubarak-era Prime Minister Ahmed Shafik's term was announced, but his campaign was praised for its Islamist spirit. Morsi had begun to appeal to political liberals and minorities while portraying Ahmed Shafik as a holdover from the Mubarak-era of secular moderation.

Morsi filed a lawsuit against Egyptian television presenter Tawfiq Okasha, accusing him of "intentional deception and slander." According to a website that publishes articles about Egypt Independent, an English-language subsidiary of Egyptian daily Al-Youm, Okasha's Egyptian daily Al-Masry Al-Youm, spent three hours on Sunday criticizing the Muslim Brotherhood and Morsi. After Okasha aired a video allegedly depicting Tunisian Islamist militants murdering a Christian, many people wondered, "how will such people rule?" "Some analysts believed that this was in reference to Morsi's Muslim Brotherhood faction." In a sharply worded comment, the Tunisian government characterized the video as a farce.

Morsi was announced the winner of the 2012 election by 56.7 percent of the vote on June 24. Almost immediately afterward, he resigned from the presidency of the Freedom and Justice Party.

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