Berthe Morisot

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Berthe Marie Morisot (January 14, 1841-March 2, 1895) was a painter and a member of the Impressionist circle in Paris who became well-known as the Impressionists.

Morisot debuted in 1864 for the first time in the highly coveted Salon de Paris.

The Salon was the official, annual exhibition of the Académie des beaux-arts in Paris, sponsored by the government and judged by Academicians.

She was selected for exhibition in six subsequent Salons until, in 1874, she was among the "rejected" Impressionists in the first of their own shows, which included Paul Cézanne, Edgar Degas, Claude Monet, Camille Pissarro, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, and Alfred Sisley.

It was held in photographer Nadar's studio. Morisot married Eugène Manet, the brother of her friend and colleague Édouard Manet, in the French language. She was described by Gustave Geffroy in 1894 as one of Impressionism's "les trois grandes dames," alongside Marie Bracquemond and Mary Cassatt.

Early life

Morisot was born in Bourges, France, on January 14, 1841, into an affluent bourgeois family. Edmé Tiburce Morisot, her father, was the defect (senior administrator) of Cher's department. At École des Beaux Arts, he also studied architecture. Marie-Joséphine Thomas Thomas, Thomas' great-niece, was Jean-Honoré Fragonard's uncle, one of the most prolific Rococo painters of the ancien period. Yves (1838–1893) and Edma (1839–1921), as well as Tiburce, who was born in 1848, she had two older sisters, Yves (1838–1893) and Edma (1839–1921). When Morisot was a child, the family moved to Paris in 1852.

Berthe and her siblings Yves and Edma were taught privately by Geoffroy-Alphonse Chocarne and Joseph Guichard, so it was common for daughters of bourgeois families to receive art education. Morisot and her sisters began taking lessons so that they could each make a drawing for their father's birthday. Berthe and Edma were introduced by Guichard, who owned a school for girls in Rue des Moulins, in 1857, where they learned by copying paintings from 1858. Morisots were not only forbidden to work at the museum unchaperoned, but they were also barred from formal education. They were also introduced to Gavarni's work by Guichard.

Berthe and Edma were close friends together until 1869, when Edma married Adolphe Pontillon, a naval officer, who had less time to paint and had less time to paint. Letters between the sisters reveal a loving relationship, highlighted by Berthe's regret at the distance between them and Edma's withdrawal from painting. Berthe's continued work was lauded by Edma, and their families stayed close. "I am often with you in thought," Edma wrote. Dear Berthe, I am often with you in thought." "I'm in your studio and I love to escape, if only for a quarter of an hour," says the author.

Yves Gobillard, a tax inspector, was born in 1866 and was painted by Edgar Degas as Mrs Theodore Gobillard (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City).

Morisot, a copyist at the Louvre, worked with and befriended other artists such as Manet and Monet. In 1861, Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, the pivotal landscape painter of Barbizon's school who also excelled at figure painting, was introduced to Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot. She adopted the plein air (outdoors) method of working as a result of Corot's clout. By 1863, she was studying under Achille Oudinot, another Barbizon painter. She studied sculpture under Aimé Millet in the winter of 1863–64, but no one of her sculptures has survived.

Personal life

Morisot came from an eminent family, the granddaughter of Rococo artist Jean-Honoré Fragonard, and the nephew of a government official. Édouard Manet, her longtime friend and colleague, was born in 1868. Morisot was married to Eugène Manet, Édouard's brother, in 1874, by Manet's inception. Julie Edward, her only child, died on November 14, 1878, who performed often for her mother and other Impressionist artists, including Renoir and her uncle Édouard.

Morisot and Édouard Manet's relationship is one of warmth, and Manet gave her an easel as a Christmas gift. Morisot posed for Manet often, and there are several portrait painting of Morisot, including Repose (Portrait of Berthe Morisot) and Berthe Morisot with a Bouquet. Morisot died in Paris on March 2, 1895, of pneumonia related pneumonia, while attending to her daughter Julie's identical illness, making her an orphanage at the age of 16. She was arrested in the Cimetière de Passy.

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