William Barnes

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William Barnes (1801 – 7 October 1886) was an English writer, poet, Church of England priest, and philologist.

He wrote over 800 poems, some in Dorset dialect, and some in other languages, as well as a comprehensive English grammar quoting from more than 70 different languages.

Life and work

In the Vale of Blackmore, Barnes was born in the parish of Bagber, Dorset, to John Barnes, a tenant-farmer. When he was 13 years old, the younger Barnes' formal education ended. He worked in Dorchester, the county town, between 1818 and 1823, before moving to Mere in neighboring Wiltshire, where he opened a school. While there, he began writing poetry in the Dorset dialect, as well as learning several languages—Italian, Persian, German, and French, in addition to Greek and Latin—playing musical instruments (violin, piano, and flute) and practicing wood engraving. Julia Miles, the niece of an exciseman from Dorchester, was married in 1827. In 1835, he returned to the county town, where he later ran a school on Durngate Street and later on South Street. The school became a neighbor of an architect's practice, in which Thomas Hardy was an apprentice. When he got into the debate about grammar, John Hicks, an architect, was interested in literature and the classics, and Hardy visited Barnes for authoritative opinions. Lord Tennyson and Gerard Manley Hopkins were among Barnes' other literary friends. He was a teetote and vegetarian.

In 1847, Barnes was admitted to the Church of England, earning a BD degree from St John's College, Cambridge, England. He served curacies at Whitcombe Church in Whitcombe, Dorset, from 1847 to 1852, and then from 1862. He was rector of St Peter's Church, Winterborne Came, from 1862 to his death. Thomas Hardy and Edmund Gosse visited Old Came Rectory briefly before his death; in a letter, Gosse wrote that Barnes was "dying as he lived":

Barnes wrote the Dorset dialect poems for which he is best known to periodicals, including Macmillan's Magazine; a book collection called Poems of Rural Life in the Dorset Dialect was published in 1844. In 1858, a second collection by Hwomely Rhymes was released, followed by a third collection in 1863; a combined edition appeared in 1879. Poems of Rural Life in Common English had already appeared in 1868, and a "translation" was described as "translation." Philological Grammar (1854), Se Gefylsta, an Anglo-Saxon Delectus (1849), Tiw, or a View of Roots (1862), and a Dictionary of Survey (1860), among his other works, is a short book on "The Benefits of a More Common Adoption of Mathematics as a Subject of Research," published in 1834.

Barnes is buried in Winterborne Came's churchyard beneath a Celtic cross. In Memory of William Barnes, a French explorer who died on October 7, 1886, the cross's plinth has the inscription: "In Memory of William Barnes, In Memory of William Barnes, Died 7 October 1886." Aged 86 years old. Rector of this parish has been Rector for 24 years. "His Children and Grandchildren" donated this Memorial to his memory. A bronze statue of William Barnes by Edwin Roscoe Mullins (1848-1907) was unveiled outside St Peter's Church in Dorchester on February 4th, 1889.

In their "Common English" versions (Linden Lea" and "Blackmwore Maidens"), Ralph Vaughan Williams set to music four of Barnes' poems, "My Orcha'd in Linden Lea" and "In the Spring") "In the Spring" and "In the Wood" versions ("Linden Lea" and "Moutput: respectively), "In the Spring") and "In the Spring" and "In the Woods" and "In the Spring) and "My Orcha" and "My Orcha" and "My Orcha" and "My Orcha" and "Mwore by the Strobe" and "My Orcha" and "Mwore by Williams ("My Orcha" and "My Orcha" and "Bur" and "Ba" and "Wa" versions ("Mwore by the Winter" and "My Orcha" and "My Orcha" and "Mwore by Williams," respectively) and "In the Winter" and "The Winter" and "In the "In the Spring" and "My Orcha" and "My Orcha" &" and "In the Winter's Willow" and "My Orcha" and "In the "My Orcha" and "The Winter" &Mwore by the Summer" and "My Orcha" and "In the "My Orcha" and "The Winter" (In the Summer).

Barnes was keen on linguistics; he was fluent in Greek, Latin, French, Hebrew, Hindi, Hindi, Italian, Russian, Welsh, Cornish, and Old English. He called for the purification of English by removing Greek, Latin, and foreign influences in order to make it more understood by those without a classical education. His coinages contained terms such as sun-print for photograph, wortwort for botany, and welkinfire for meteor. His purism mimics Percy Grainger's later "eyed English" and in some instances, the terms in David Cowley's How We Could Talk if the English had WON in 1066.

Many of Barnes' poems are published in the local parlance of Dorset, where he was particularly fond of the Dorset dialect, which he felt to be particularly close to Anglo-Saxon roots. Barnes also avoided the use of foreign words in his poetry by using alliterative poetry and the repetition of consonantal sounds. In the words "Do lean down low in Linden Lea" and "In our abode in Arby Wood," are two examples of this.

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