Wilhelm Rontgen
Wilhelm Rontgen was born in Lennep, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany on March 27th, 1845 and is the Physicist. At the age of 77, Wilhelm Rontgen biography, profession, age, height, weight, eye color, hair color, build, measurements, education, career, dating/affair, family, news updates, and networth are available.
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Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (German pronunciation: [vlmnt nt.nt) (listen): Konrad Röntgen (born in 1845) was a German mechanical engineer and physicist who formulated and observed electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range known as X-rays or Röntgen rays, which was the inaugural Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901. In honor of Röntgen's contributions, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) named element 111, a radioactive compound with multiple unstable isotopes, after him in 2004. After him, the unit of measurement roentgen was also named after him.
Education
He was born to Friedrich Conrad Röntgen, a German merchant and cloth manufacturer, and Charlotte Constanze Frowein. His family immigrated to Holland, where his family lived at the age of three. Röntgen attended Utrecht Technical School in Utrecht, the Netherlands, where he studied hard. For nearly two years, he attended the Technical School. He was unlawfully dismissed from high school after one of his teachers intercepted a caricature of one of the teachers that had been drawn by someone else in 1865.
Röntgen could only attend university in the Netherlands as a visitor without a high school diploma. He attempted to enroll at Utrecht University in 1865 without having the right credentials needed for a regular student. On hearing that he could enroll in the Federal Polytechnic Institute in Zurich (now known as the ETH Zurich) as a mechanical engineering student, he passed the entrance exam and began studying there. He earned a PhD degree from University of Zurich in 1869, and as a student at Professor August Kundt, who returned to the newly established German Kaiser-Wilhelms-Universität in Strasbourg, he became a favorite student.
Röntgen became a lecturer at the University of Strasbourg in 1874. He became a professor at the Academy of Agriculture in Hohenheim, Württemberg, in 1875. He returned to Strasbourg as a professor of physics in 1876, and in 1879, he was appointed to the University of Giessen's chair of physics. He obtained the physics chair at the University of Würzburg in 1888 and 1900 at the University of Munich, on a special request of the Bavarian government.
Röntgen had family in Iowa and wanted to immigrate to the United States. Before the outbreak of World War II, he accepted an appointment at Columbia University in New York City and bought transatlantic tickets. He remained in Munich for the remainder of his career.
Röntgen was investigating the external effects of various forms of vacuum tube equipment—apparatuses from Heinrich Hertz, Johann Hittorf, William Crookes, Nikola Tesla, and Philipp von Lenard—when an electrical discharge is passed through them in 1895. He was repeating an experiment with a thin aluminium window added to allow the cathode rays to escape the tube, but a cardboard covering was added to shield the aluminium from damage caused by the strong electrostatic field that produces the cathode rays. Röntgen knew that the cardboard covering prevented light from escaping, but he noticed that the invisible cathode rays produced a fluorescent effect on a small cardboard screen painted with barium platinocyanide right next to the aluminium window. It occurred to Röntgen that the Crookes-Hittorf tube, which had a much thicker glass wall than the Lenard tube, could also have caused this fluorescent glow.
Röntgen was determined to put a theory into practice in the late afternoon of 8 November 1895. He crafted a black cardboard covering similar to the one he used on the Lenard tube. To produce an electrostatic charge, he wrapped the Crookes–Hittorf tube with the cardboard and attached electrodes to a Ruhmkorf coil. Röntgen dimened the room to determine the opacity of his cardboard cover before constructing the barium platinocyanide screen to test his theory. He discovered that the tube was light-tight and moved to the next step of the experiment as he passed the Ruhmkorf coil charge through the tube. A faint shimmering from a bench a few feet away from the tube was at this point. To be sure, he underwent several more discharges and noticed the same shimmering each time. The shimmering had originated from the location of the barium platinocyanide screen he had been aiming for next, which was striking a match.
Röntgen suspected that a new kind of ray might be responsible. It was Friday, November 8th, so he used the weekend to repeat his experiments and made his first notes. He ate and slept in his laboratory for the next week as he investigated several aspects of the new rays he temporarily identified as "X" for something unidentified. The latest rays began to be described in several languages as "Röntgen rays" (and related X-ray radiograms as "Röntgenograms."
Röntgen brought a tiny piece of lead into place at one point while examining the possibility of different materials to block the rays. On the barium platinocyanide screen, Röntgen saw his first radiographic photograph: his own flickering ghostly skeleton. He later admitted that it was at this point that he decided to continue his experiments in secrecy, fearing for his professional reputation if his findings were inaccurate.
About six weeks after his discovery, he took a picture—a radiograph—using X-rays of his wife Anna Bertha's hand. When she viewed her skeleton, she exclaimed, "I have seen my death!" At a public lecture, he later obtained a better picture of his friend Albert von Kölliker's hand.
On a New Kind of Rays, Röntgen's original paper "On A New Kind of Rays" was published on December 28th, 1895. Röntgen's discovery of a new form of radiation was reported in an Austrian newspaper on January 5th, 1896. After his research, Röntgen was awarded an honorary Doctor of Medicine degree from the University of Würzburg. In 1896, he was given the Rumford Medal of the British Royal Society, along with Philipp Lenard, who had already shown that a portion of the cathode rays could pass through a thin film of a metal such as aluminium. Between 1895 and 1897, Röntgen published a total of three papers on X-rays. Röntgen is regarded as the father of diagnostic radiology, a medical speciality that uses imaging to diagnose disease.
The National Library of Medicine in Bethesda, Maryland, holds a collection of his papers.
Röntgen was married to Anna Bertha Ludwig for 47 years until she died in 1919 at the age of 80. In 1866, they met in Zürich at Anna's father's café, Zum Grünen Glas. They were involved in 1869 and wed in Apeldoorn, Netherlands, on July 7th, 1872; the reason for Anna's delay was due to her being six years old and his father not accepting of her age or humble background. They began to suffer financially as a result of Röntgen's family support. Josephine Bertha Ludwig, their first child, died in 1887 after her father, Anna's only brother, died at the age of 6.
After his father's death, he inherited two million Reichsmarks. Röntgen did not seek patents for his research because of the fact that it should be freely available without charge, despite ethical concerns. Röntgen donated the 50,000 Swedish krona to University of Würzburg's research after winning his Nobel prize money. Despite receiving an honorary degree of Doctor of Medicine, he turned down a lower nobility, or Niederer Adelstitel, for refusing the preposition von (meaning "of") as a nobiliary particle (i.e., from Röntgen). Röntgen fell into bankruptcy following World War I, spending his remaining years at Weilheim, near Munich, where his country home. Röntgen died on February 10, 1923, a form of gastrointestinal carcinoma, also known as colorectal cancer. All his personal and scientific correspondence were lost upon his death, in keeping with his will.
Personal life
Röntgen was married to Anna Bertha Ludwig for 47 years before she died in 1919 at the age of 80. They met in Zürich in 1866 at Zum Grün Glas, Anna's father's café. They were involved in 1869 and wed in Apeldoorn, Netherlands, on July 7th, 1872; the delay was due to Anna's six-year-father's absence and her father's inability of her age or humble roots. They married with financial difficulties as a result of Röntgen's family support. Josephine Bertha Ludwig, who was adopted at age 6 after Anna's only brother died in 1887, was the product of her father's marriage.
After his father's death, he inherited two million Reichsmarks. Röntgen did not pursue patents for his research because he was of the opinion that it should be freely available without charge for ethical reasons. Röntgen donated the 50,000 Swedish krona to study at the University of Würzburg after winning his Nobel prize money. Despite obtaining the Doctor of Medicine degree, he turned down a bid of lower nobility, or Niederer Adelstitel, for refusing the preposition von (meaning "of") as a nobiliary particle (i.e., from Röntgen). Röntgen fell into bankruptcy after World War I, spending his remaining years at Weilheim, near Munich, near Munich. Röntgen died of gastrointestinal cancer, also known as colorectal cancer in 1923. All his personal and scientific correspondence were destroyed upon his death, in keeping with his will.
Career
Röntgen became a lecturer at the University of Strasbourg in 1874. He began as a professor at the Academy of Agriculture in Hohenheim, Württemberg, in 1875. In 1876, he returned to Strasbourg as a professor of physics, and in 1879, he was appointed to the University of Giessen as a professor of physics. He obtained the physics chair at the University of Würzburg in 1888, and at the University of Munich in 1900, by special request of the Bavarian government.
Röntgen had relatives in Iowa and wanted to immigrate to the United States. During the outbreak of World War II, he accepted an appointment at Columbia University in New York City and bought transatlantic tickets. He remained in Munich for the remainder of his life.
Röntgen was investigating the external effects of various types of vacuum tube systems —apparatuses from Heinrich Hertz, Johann Hittorf, William Crookes, Nikola Tesla, and Philipp von Lenard—when an electrical discharge is passed through them during 1895. He was repeating an experiment with one of Lenard's tubes in which a thin aluminium window had been added to prevent the cathode rays from escaping the tube, but a cardboard covering was added to shield the aluminium from damage caused by the calcium rays' strong electrostatic field that produces the cathode rays. Röntgen knew that the cardboard covering prevented light from escaping, but he discovered that the invisible cathode rays had a fluorescent effect on a small cardboard screen coated with barium platinocyanide when it was attached near the aluminium window. It occurred to Röntgen that the Crookes-Hittorf tube, which had a much thicker glass wall than the Lenard tube, could also be responsible for this fluorescent phenomenon.
Röntgen was determined to put his theory to the test in the late afternoon of 8 November 1895. He deliberately made a black cardboard cover similar to the one he had used on the Lenard tube. To create an electrostatic charge, he coated the cardboard and attached electrodes to a Ruhmkorf coil. Röntgen dimened the room to determine the opacity of his cardboard cover before putting up the barium platinocyanide screen to prove his theory. As he passed the Ruhmkorf coil charge through the tube, he discovered that the roof was light-tight and proceeded to plan the next step of the experiment. A few feet away from the tube, Röntgen noticed a faint shimmering from a bench. He tried several more discharges and saw the same shining each time. He was stunned by the shimmering from the location of the barium platinocyanide screen he was planning to use next.
Röntgen suspected that a new kind of ray might be responsible. It was Friday, November 8th, so he took advantage of the weekend to repeat his experiments and made his first notes. He ate and slept in his lab for several weeks as he investigated several aspects of the new rays he temporarily identified as "X" for something unknown. In several languages, the new rays were designated as "Röntgen rays" (and the associated X-ray radiograms as "Röntgenograms").
Röntgen brought a tiny piece of lead into position at a time when he was investigating the capability of various substances to reduce the rays. On the barium platinocyanide screen, Röntgen obtained his first radiographic photograph: his own flashing ghostly skeleton. He later reported that it was at this point that he decided to keep his experiments in secrecy, fearing for his professional image if his findings were inaccurate.
About six weeks after his discovery, he took a photo—a radiograph—using X-rays of his wife Anna Bertha's hand. "I have seen my death," the woman cried as she approached her skeleton. At a public lecture, he later obtained a better picture of his friend Albert von Kölliker's hand.
"On A New Kind of Rays," Röntgen's original paper ("Ueber eine neue Art von Strahlen) was published on December 28, 1895. Röntgen's discovery of a new form of radiation was announced in an Austrian newspaper on January 5th. Following his discovery, Röntgen was granted an honorary Doctor of Medicine degree from the University of Würzburg. In 1896, he was awarded the Rumford Medal of the British Royal Society, along with Philipp Lenard, who had already shown that a portion of the cathode rays could pass through a thin film of a metal such as aluminium. Between 1895 and 1897, Röntgen published a total of three X-ray papers. Röntgen is now recognized as the father of diagnostic radiology, a medical specialty that uses imaging to diagnose disease.
A collection of his papers is on display at the National Library of Medicine in Bethesda, Maryland.
Röntgen was married to Anna Bertha Ludwig for 47 years before she died in 1919 at the age of 80. They met in Zürich in 1866 at Zum Grünen Glas, Anna's father's café. They married in 1869 and wed in Apeldoorn, Netherlands, on July 7th, 1872; the deferral was due to Anna's six years as senior and her father not accepting her age or humble background; They's marriage was in the midst of financial hardships after Röntgen's family assistance stopped. Josephine Bertha Ludwig, their first child, who died at the age of 6 after her father, Anna's only brother, died in 1887, was raised by them.
After his father's death, he inherited two million Reichsmarks. Röntgen did not request patents for his work out of ethical reasons, believing that it should be freely available without charge. Röntgen donated the 50,000 Swedish krona to the University of Würzburg after receiving his Nobel Prize money. Although he accepted the Doctor of Medicine's honorary degree, he turned down a bid of lower nobility, or Niederer Adelstitel, denying that the preposition von (meaning "of") means "ntgen) as a nobiliary particle (i.e., von Röntgen). Röntgen's country home, near Munich, fell into bankruptcy after World War I, and he spent his remaining years at Weilheim, near Munich, near Munich. Röntgen died of intestine carcinoma (also known as colorectal cancer) on February 10, 1923. All his personal and scientific correspondence were destroyed on his death, in keeping with his will.
