Theodor Herzl

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Theodor Herzl (18 May 1860 – July 1904) was an Austro-Hungarian Jewish lawyer, journalist, playwright, and essayist who was the father of modern political Zionism. In an attempt to establish a Jewish state, Herzl founded the Zionist Organization and promoted Jewish immigration to Palestine.

Despite being born before Israel's establishment, Chozeh HaMedinah ( ), lit. The 'Visionary of the State' was the subject of this article.' Herzl is specifically mentioned in the Israeli Declaration of Independence and is officially referred to as "the spiritual father of the Jewish state." The 'visionary,' a writer who gave political Zionism a concrete, usable platform and framework. However, he was not the first Zionist theoretician or protester; scholars, many of whom were religious, such as rabbis Yehuda Bibas, Zvi Hirsch Kalischer, and Judah Alkalai, all promoted a variety of proto-Zionist viewpoints before him.

Early life

Theodor Herzl was born in the Dohány utca (Tabakgasse in German), a street in Pest's eastern quarter, Kingdom of Hungary (now Hungary), to a Neolog Jewish family. His father's family had migrated from Zimony (today Zemun, Serbia), to Bohemia in 1739, where they were required to Germanize their family name Loebl, which was diminutive of Ger. 'Mine heart', Herz; 'nobody's) —

He was Jeanette and Jakob Herzl's second child, who were German-speaking Jews assimilated Jews. Herzl is thought to have inherited both Ashkenazi and Sephardic lineage, mainly through his paternal line and a little bit through the maternal lineage.

Jakob Herzl (1836–1902), Theodor's father, was a highly successful businessman. Herzl had one sister, Pauline, who was a year older than he was; she died on February 7th, 1878, of typhus. Theodor and his family lived in a house next to the Dohány Street Synagogue (formerly known as Tabakgasse Synagogue) in Belváros, the inner city of Budapest's historic old town of Pest's eastern district.

Herzl set out to follow Ferdinand de Lesseps, the Suez Canal's builder, but instead, he discovered a growing love of poetry and humanities in his youth. This passion developed into a flourishing journalist career and a less well-known obsession with playwrighting. Herzl, a young man who saw the Germans as the best culture volk (cultured people) in Central Europe and accepted the German idea of Bildung, could help one to appreciate the beautiful things in life and thus become a morally better person, according to Amos Elon. Herzl believed that through education, Hungarian Jews such as himself could shave off their "shameful Jewish characteristics" inherited by long centuries of neglect and exploitation, and become civilized Central Europeans, a true cultural pivotal European view along the German lines.

The family immigrated to Vienna, Austria-Hungary, in 1878, following his sister's death, Pauline, and lived in the 9th district, Alsergrund. Herzl studied law at the University of Vienna. Herzl, a young law student, became a member of the German nationalist Burschenschaft (fraternity) Albia, which had the motto Ehre, Liberation, Vaterland) ("Honor, Fatherland") (Terland). He resigned after demonstrating at the company's antisemitism.

After a brief legal career in Vienna and Salzburg, he devoted himself to journalism and literature, serving as a reporter for a Viennese newspaper and a newspaper reporter for Neue Freie Presse in Paris, and occasionally taking special trips to London and Istanbul. He later became literary editor of Neue Freie Presse and wrote several comedies and dramas for the Viennese stage. His early work was not primarily concerned with Jewish life. It was of the feuilleton order, rather than political.

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