Stan Laurel

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Stan Laurel (born Arthur Stanley Jefferson) was an English comedian, writer, and film producer who appeared in the comedy Laurel and Hardy's duo.

He appeared in 107 short films, feature films, and cameo roles, including the bowler hat, the deep comedy gravity, and nonsensical understatement.

His appearances developed his pantomime and concert hall sketches.

He was a soldier of "Fred Karno's Army," where he was Charlie Chaplin's understudy.

Chaplin and the United Kingdom arrived in the United States on the same ship as the Karno troupe from the United Kingdom.

Laurel began his film career in 1917 and made his final appearance in 1951.

In 1921, he and his comedic partner Oliver Hardy appeared in the film short The Lucky Dog, but they didn't become a formal team until late 1927.

Following his comedy partner's death in 1957, he spent his remaining years with Hardy before resigning. Laurel received a Lifetime Achievement Award in 1960 for his pioneering work in comedy, and he appears on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 7021 Hollywood Blvd.

In a 2005 UK poll to find the Comedians' Comedian, Laurel and Hardy came in top among the best double acts and seventh overall.

Laurel ranked number one on a list of the top British comedians compiled by a panel on the television network Gold in 2019.

A bronze statue of the pair was unveiled in Laurel's hometown, Ulverston, in 2009.

Early life

Arthur Stanley Jefferson was born in his grandparents' house in Argyle Street, Lancashire, on June 16, 1890, to Arthur J. Jefferson, an actor and stage manager from Bishop Auckland, and Margaret (née Metcalfe), an actor from Ulverston. He was one of five children. Edward, an actor who would appear in four of Stan's shorts, was one of them.

Both his parents were active in the theatre and never very occupied. Laurel spent a lot of time with his maternal grandmother, Sarah Metcalfe, in his early years. He attended King James I Grammar School in Bishop Auckland, County Durham, and the King's School in Tynemouth, Northumberland.

He and his parents migrated to Glasgow, Scotland, where he completed his education at Rutherglen Academy. Laurel began working at the Metropole Theatre in Glasgow, where his father inherited it. Dan Leno, one of the best English music hall comedians, was his boyhood hero. Laurel performed his first professional appearance on stage at the Panopticon in Glasgow at the age of sixteen, where he refined his pantomime and music hall sketches. It was the music hall from where he drew his basic comic devices, including his bowler hat and nonsensical understatement.

Laurel, who performed as Romans in 1912, died while touring in Holland and Belgium as part of Ted Desmond's comedy double act the Barto Bros. After Laurel left England for America, the two maintained a lifelong friendship, delivering letters and photographs that chronicled Laurel's transformation from an unknown British comedian in 1913 to one of the top Hollywood celebrities in the 1950s. The correspondence, which spans 50 years and including photos of them being reunited in the United States, was put up for auction by Desmond's grandson Geoffrey Nolan in 2018.

He appeared in "Stan Jefferson" with Fred Karno's troupe of actors in 1910; the company also featured a young Charlie Chaplin. The music hall nurtured him, and he spent a time as Chaplin's understudy. "Fred Karno didn't tell Charlie [Chaplin] and me everything we know about comedy, and he was a pioneer of slapstick," Karno wrote in his biography. The bulk of it was taught by the guy who made it. Chaplin and Laurel arrived in the United States on the same ship from Britain with the Karno troupe and toured the region. Laurel registered for military service in America on June 5, 1917, as required under the Selective Service Act. He was not called up; his registration card shows his status as a resident alien and his deafness as exemptions.

In 1914, the Karno troupe was founded in the spring of 1914. Stan formed "The Three Comiques" with two other former Karno artists, Edgar Hurley and his wife Ethel (known as "Wren" and his partner Ethel. The couple became "the Keystone Trio" on the advice of booking agent Gordon Bostock. Stan began to act as an imitate of Charlie Chaplin, and the Hurleys began to perform as silent comedians Chester Conklin and Mabel Normand. They played well from February to October 1915, with the Hurleys and Stan who parted ways. He joined Alice Cooke and Baldwin Cooke, who became his lifelong colleagues, to form the Stan Jefferson Trio between 1916 and 1918.

Laurel appeared in the silent film short The Lucky Dog (1921), alongside Oliver Hardy, before the two became a team. Laurel met Mae Dahlberg about this time. Stan Jefferson's claim that his stage name Stan Jefferson was unlucky due to it's thirteen letters. When Laurel was offered $75 a week to appear in two-reel comedies, the two were performing together. Universal gave him a deal after making his first film Nuts in May. Following a reorganisation at the studio, the employment was soon terminated. The 1922 parody Mud and Sand, which Dahlberg and Laurel appeared together in the films, was one of the 1922 parody Mud and Sand, which was one of the 1922 parody Mud and Sand.

Laurel had left stage for full-time filming by 1924, while under Joe Rock's custody for 12 two-reel comedies. Dahlberg was not to appear in any of the films, which was one of the unusual stipulations. Rock believed that her temperament was hindering Laurel's development. She started interfering with Laurel's work in 1925, so Rock gave her a cash settlement and a one-way ticket back to her native Australia, which she accepted. The 12 two-reel comedies were Mandarin Mix-Up (1924), Monsieur Don't Care (1924), Somewhere in Wrong (1925), Dr. Pyckle and Mr. Pryde (1925), and Half a Man (1925).

Laurel, like his future self, was credited with ten silent shorts (between 1925 and 1927). However, Laurel appeared in none of them, unlike Hardy. It was difficult, though: Laurel's shorts included: Yes, Yes, Nanette! (1925), Wandering Papas (1926) and Madame Mysterious (1926).

Personal life

Laurel and Mae Dahlberg never married, but lived as a common-law husband and wife from 1919 to 1925, before Dahlberg accepted a one-way ticket from Joe Rock to return to Australia. Dahlberg was back in the United States and suing Laurel for financial aid in November 1937. At the time, Laurel's second marriage was in the process of ending, with Dahlberg's legal suit adding to Laurel's woes. The lawsuit was not decided out of court. By the court, Dahlberg was described as a "relief project worker." Laurel was one of many well-known British actors in Hollywood who never became a naturalized American citizen.

After divorce, Laurel had four wives and married one of them for the second time. Lois Neilson, his first wife, was married on August 13, 1926. Lois, their daughter, was born on (1927-12-10)10 December 1927, and they had a son, Lois. Stanley, their second child, was born two months premature in May 1930 but died after nine days. In December 1934, Laurel and Neilson divorced. Lois' daughter died on July 27 (1707-27) at the age of 89.

Laurel married Virginia Ruth Rogers (known as Ruth) in 1935. He applied for divorce in 1937, admitting that he was not worried about his ex-wife Lois, but Lois refused to reconcile, but Lois refused to allow it. On New Year's Day 1938, Laurel married Vera Ivanova Shuvalova (known as Illeana) and Ruth accused him of hugeamy, but their divorce was finalized a few days before his new marriage. The new marriage was extremely volatile, and Illeana accused him of trying to bury her alive in the back yard of their San Fernando Valley home. He and Illeana split in 1939 and divorced in 1940, with Illeana resigning allegiance to the Laurel surname in exchange for $6,500. Laurel married Virginia Ruth Rogers in 1941; the two families were divorced for the second time in early 1946. He married Ida Kitaeva Raphael, who was married until his death on May 6, 1946.

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