Robert E. Sherwood

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Robert Emmet Sherwood (April 4, 1896 – November 14, 1955) was an American playwright and screenwriter.

Early life and family

Robert was born in 1896 in New Rochelle, New York, and his partner, Arthur Murray Sherwood, a wealthy stockbroker, and his sister, Rosina Emmet, a highly skilled illustrator and portrait painter known as Rosina E. Sherwood. Mary Elizabeth Wilson Sherwood, the author and social king of his paternal grandparents, was a social and academic scholar. He was the grandson of Ireland's former governor General Thomas Addis Emmet and a great-grandfather of the Irish nationalist Robert Emmet, who was executed for high treason for leading the Irish rebellion in 1803, one of a string of attempts to destabilize British rule in Ireland in 1803. Lydia Field Emmet and Jane Emmet de Glehn, his aunts, and his first cousin, Ellen Emmet Rand, were also included in his family portraiture: Lydia Field Emmet and Jane Emmet de Glehn. Sherwood attended Fay School, Milton Academy, and then Harvard University.

During World War I, he served with the Royal Highlanders of Canada, CEF, and Europe, and was wounded. Since returning to the United States, he began working as a film reviewer for magazines, including Life and Vanity Fair. In the 2009 documentary "The Story of American Film Criticism," Sherwood's career as a critic in the 1920s is explored. Richard Schickel, a Time critic, addresses how Sherwood, the first New York critic to travel by cross-country train to visit the actors and directors, among other things.

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Writing career

Sherwood was one of the first Algonquin Round Table participants. When the Round Table first met in 1919, he was close friends with Dorothy Parker and Robert Benchley, who were on the staff of Vanity Fair with Sherwood. Edna Ferber, a writer, was also a good friend. Sherwood stood 6 foot 8 inches (2.03 m) tall. Dorothy Parker, a 5foot 4 inches (1.63 m) tall woman, once said that she, Sherwood, and Robert Benchley (6 feet (1.8 m)) walked down the street together, they reminded "a walking pipe organ." Benchley leaned on a chair and said, "I knew Bob Sherwood back when he was only this tall."

During a live radio broadcast of the quiz show You Bet Your Life in 1949, comedian Groucho Marx talked about Sherwood's height. In one episode, Groucho, the show's host, talked to American football player Howard Scala, a Green Bay Packers player. Marx accompanied the following anecdote with the show's audience, being captivated by Scala's own majesty: a man of the day's height.

The Road to Rome (1927), Sherwood's first Broadway play about Hannibal's botched takeover of Rome, introduced one of his favorite topics: the futility of war. Many of his later dramatic works, including Idiot's Delight (1936), which gave Sherwood the first of four Pulitzer Prizes, was one of four. He once confessed to gossip columnist Lucius Beebe: "I start with a large message and end up with nothing but good entertainment."

Sherwood was actively involved in the fight for writers' rights within the theatre industry. Sherwood served as the seventh president of the Dramatic Guild of America from 1937 to 1939.

Sherwood's Broadway success attracted Hollywood's attention; he began writing about movies in 1926. Although some of his performances were uncredited, his films featured several adaptations of his plays. In addition, he worked with Alfred Hitchcock and Joan Harrison in writing Rebecca (1940)'s screenplay.

Sherwood, who was in the middle of World War II, put aside his anti-war sentiments to help the Third Reich fight. There Shall Be No Night, his 1940 play about the Soviet Union's conquest of Finland, was produced by the Playwright's Company, which he co-founded, and it starred Alfred Lunt, Lynn Fontanne, and Montgomery Clift. Katharine Cornell produced and appeared in a 1957 TV adaptation. Sherwood has branded isolationist Charles Lindbergh as a "Nazi with a Nazi contempt for all political processes."

Sherwood also served as a speechwriter for President Franklin D. Roosevelt during this period. In his book Roosevelt and Hopkins: An Intimate History, which earned the 1949 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography, as well as a 1949 Bancroft Prize, he recalled the experience. Sherwood is credited with inventing the term "arsenal of democracy," which has since developed to the "arsenal of democracy," a common theme in Roosevelt's wartime speeches. "This country already has a military arsenal," Sherwood wrote in The New York Times on May 12, 1940.

With the film The Best Years of Our Lives, directed by William Wyler, he returned to dramatic writing after being director of the Overseas Branch of the Office of War Information from 1943 to the close of the war. Sherwood received an Academy Award for Best Screenplay for the 1946 film, which examines changes in the lives of three soldiers after they returned home from war.

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