Octavio Paz

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Octavio Paz Lozano (March 31, 1914-1998), a Mexican poet and diplomat, was born in Mexico.

He was given the 1981 Miguel de Cervantes Prize, the 1982 Neustadt International Prize for Literature, and the 1990 Nobel Prize in Literature for his body of work.

Early life

Octavio Paz was born in Mexico City. His family had a prominent political family in Mexico with Spanish and indigenous Mexican roots. Ireneo Paz, the family's patriarch, fought in the War of the Reform against conservatives and later became a stead supporter of liberal war hero Porfirio D'az, who lived in the Mexican Revolution until just before the 1910 outbreak of the Mexican Revolution. Ireneo Paz became a respected scholar and journalist, starting many newspapers, where he was both a publisher and printer. Octavio Paz Solórzano, Ireneo's uncle, aided Emiliano Zapata during the Revolution and wrote an early biography of him and the Zapatista movement. Octavio was named for him, but he spent a long time with his grandfather Ireneo because his namesake father was active fighting in the Mexican Revolution. His father died in a brutal fashion. Following the Mexican Revolution, the family's finances were devastated. The family was briefly relocated to Los Angeles before returning to Mexico. Paz had blue eyes and was often mistaken for a foreigner by other children. According to a book by his long-time friend, historian Enrique Krauze, when Zapatista singer Antonio D'az Soto y Gama visited young Octavio, he said, "Caramba, you didn't tell me you had a Visigoth for a boy." "I felt myself Mexican, but they wouldn't let me be one." Krauze quotes Paz as saying, "I felt myself Mexican but they wouldn't let me be one."

Paz was introduced to literature early in his life thanks to the influence of his grandfather Ireneo's library, which was brimming with classic Mexican and European literature. He discovered Gerardo Diego, Juan Ramón Jiménez, and Antonio Machado during the 1920s. These Spanish writers had a major influence on their early writings.

Paz wrote "Cabellera" as a teen in 1931, one of his first poems as a teenager. Luna Silvestre ("Wild Moon"), a collection of poems, was published two years ago, at the age of 19. Barandal's first literary review was funded in 1932 by a friend of his.

Paz taught law and literature at the National University of Mexico for a few years. He became acquainted with leftist poets like Chilean Pablo Neruda during this period. Paz left law school in 1936 and moved from Mexico City to Mérida, Mexico. The school was designed for the sons of peasants and workers. "Entre la piedra y la flor" (Between the Stone and the Flower), one of his long, beautiful poems (2004, updated in 1976). It explores the Mexican peasant's situation under the day's domineering landlords.

He attended the Second International Writers' Congress in Valencia, Barcelona, and Madrid in July 1937, the intention of which was to explore intellectuals' connection to the Spanish civil war. Paz expressed his sympathy with the Republican Party and against the fascists led by Francisco Franco and Adolf Mussolini. While in Europe, he also visited Paris. He had a profound influence on him during the surrealist movement. Paz co-financed a literary journal, Taller ("Workshop") in 1938 and wrote for the magazine until 1941 after returning to Mexico. Elena Garro, who is regarded as one of Mexico's finest writers, married him in 1937. They had met in 1935. Helena, their one daughter, and they were divorced in 1959.

Paz received a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1943 and used it to study at Berkeley's University of California. He joined the Mexican diplomatic service two years ago and spent a few years in New York City. In 1945, he was sent to Paris, where he wrote El Laberinto de la Soledad ("The Labyrinth of Solitude"). "An examination of modern Mexico and the Mexican character in which he characterized his fellow countrymen as "intendiable nihilists who hide behind masks of secrecy and formality," the New York Times later described it as "an examination of modern Mexico and the Mexican personality, in which he described them as "an examination of modern Mexico and the Mexican identity, in which he portrayed them as "intuitive nihilists who masks He travelled to India for the first time in 1952. He went to Tokyo in the same year as chargé d'affaires. He was next sent to Geneva, Switzerland. He returned to Mexico City in 1954, where he wrote his legendary poem "Piedra de sol" ("Sunstone") in 1957 and published Libertad palabra (Liberty under Oath), a recompilation of his poetry up to that time. In 1959, he was sent to Paris for the second time. He was named Mexico's ambassador to India in 1962.

Later life

Paz completed several projects in New Delhi, including El monogramma (The Monkey Grammarian) and Ladera Este (Eastern Slope). While in India, he met many writers of a group known as the Hungry Generation and had a major influence on them.

He married Marie-José Tramini, a French woman who would be his wife for the remainder of his life, in 1965. He went to Cornell and taught two courses, one in Spanish and another in English. In their July 4, 1966 issue, LIFE en Espaol published a piece about his stay at Cornell. There are several photographs in the essay. He returned to Mexico after this. In 1968, he resigned from diplomatic service in protest against the Mexican government's assassination of student demonstrators in Tlatelolco. He returned to Mexico in 1969 after being in Paris for asylum. Plural (1970–1976) was founded by a group of feminist Mexican and Latin American writers.

Simón Bolvar Professor at Cambridge University from 1969 to 1970. During the late 1960s and the A. D. White Professor-at-Large from 1972 to 1974 at Cornell University, he served as a visiting lecturer. Charles Eliot Norton Lecturer was a Harvard University lecturer in 1974. The result of those lectures, Los hijos del limo ("Children of the Mire") was published. Paz founded Vuelta, another cultural newspaper after the Mexican government closed Plural in 1975. He was editor of the newspaper until his death in 1998, when it was closed.

He received the 1977 Jerusalem Prize for literature on the topic of individual rights. He received an honorary doctorate from Harvard in 1980, and in 1982, he received the Neustadt Prize. Paz, once close friends with novelist Carlos Fuentes, became estranged from him in the 1980s as a result of a rift over the Sandinistas, which Paz condemned and Fuentes supported. Enrique Krauze's book Vuelta, a Paz's journal, published an article critical of Fuentes in 1988, sparking hostility between Paz and Fuentes, who had long been colleagues.

In 1990, Paz's poetry collection (written between 1957 and 1987) was released. He was honoured with the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1990.

He died of cancer in Mexico City on April 19, 1998.

Guillermo Sheridan, who was appointed by Paz as the head of the Octavio Paz Foundation in 1998, published a book entitled Poeta con paisaje (2004) with numerous biographical essays about the poet's life from 1998 to 1998, when he died.

Source

Awards

• Inducted Member of Colegio Nacional, Mexican highly selective academy of arts and sciences 1967
• Peace Prize of the German Book Trade
• National Prize for Arts and Sciences (Mexico) in Literature 1977
• Honorary Doctorate National Autonomous University of Mexico 1978
• Honorary Doctorate (Harvard University) 1980
• Ollin Yoliztli Prize 1980
• Miguel de Cervantes Prize 1981
• Nobel Literature Prize in 1990
• Grand Officer of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic 1991
• Premio Mondello (Palermo, Italy)
• Alfonso Reyes International Prize
• Neustadt International Prize for Literature 1982
• Jerusalem Prize
• Menéndez Pelayo International Prize
• Alexis de Tocqueville Prize
• Xavier Villaurrutia Award