Norman Rockwell

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Norman Percevel Rockwell (February 3, 1894 – November 8, 1978) was an American writer, painter, and illustrator.

His books have a wide audience in the United States because of their portrayal of American culture.

Rockwell is best known for his cover illustrations of everyday life he created for The Saturday Evening Post for nearly five decades.

The Willie Gillis series, Rosie the Riveter, Saying Grace, and the Four Freedoms series are among Rockwell's most well-known of the series.

He's also known for his 64-year association with the Boy Scouts of America (BSA), during which he wrote covers for their publication Boys' Life, calendars, and other illustrations.

These works include images that depict the Scout Oath and Scout Act, such as The Scoutmaster, A Scout is Reverent, and A Guiding Hand, among others. Norman Rockwell, a prolific artist, created more than 4,000 original works in his lifetime.

Life

Norman Rockwell was born in New York City on February 3, 1894, to Jarvis Waring Rockwell and Anne Mary "Nancy" Rockwell, both born Hill. His father was a Presbyterian and his mother was an Episcopalian; two years after their wedding, he converted to the Episcopal faith. John Rockwell (1588-162), a Somerset, England ancestor who immigrated to colonial North America in 1635, was one of the first settlers of Windsor, Connecticut, Connecticut. Jarvis Waring Rockwell Jr., his older brother, was older by a year and a half. Jarvis Waring Sr. was the boss of a Philadelphia textile company, George Wood, Sons & Company, where he spent his entire career.

At the age of 14, Rockwell went from high school to Chase Art School. He then went to the National Academy of Design and later to the Art Students League. Thomas Fogarty, George Bridgman, and Frank Vincent DuMond; his early work were produced for St. Nicholas Magazine, the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) magazine Boys' Life, and other youth magazines. Rockwell had a few jobs as a student, one being as a supernumerary at the Metropolitan Opera. Tell Me Why: Stories About Mother Nature, Carl H. Claudy's book Tell Me Why: Stories About Mother Nature, his first big artistic career came at the age of 18.

Rockwell was hired as a staff artist for Boys' Life after that. In this role, he was paid 50 dollars per month for one completed cover and a series of story illustrations. It was reported that it was his first paying job as an artist. He began working at 19 as the art editor for Boys' Life, published by the Boy Scouts of America. He worked for three years, beginning with his first published magazine cover, Scout at Ship's Wheel, which appeared on the Boys' Life September 1913 edition.

When Norman was 21 years old, Rockwell's family moved to New Rochelle, New York. They shared a studio with cartoonist Clyde Forsythe, who worked with The Saturday Evening Post. Rockwell's first good cover painting to the newspaper in 1916 was with Forsyth's help. Mother's Day Off (published on May 20) was a newspaper published on May 20. He jumped after his success with Circus Barker and Strongman (published on June 3), Gramps at the Plate (August 5), People in a Theatre Balcony (October 14), and Man Playing Santa (December 9). During the first year, Rockwell appeared on the front page eight times. Over the years, Rockwell produced 323 original covers for The Saturday Evening Post. Sharp Harmony appeared on the front page of the issue, which was published on September 26, 1936; it depicts a barber and three customers, enjoying a cappella song. SPEBSQSA licensed the photograph for its art promotion.

Rockwell's success on the front of the journal spawned covers for other newspapers of the day, including the Literary Digest, the Country Gentleman, Leslie's Weekly, Judge, People's Popular Monthly and Life magazine.

In 1916, Rockwell left his salaried job at Boys' Life to pursue scouting in Post cover photos and the American Red Cross' monthly magazine. In 1926, he returned to Boy Scouts of America with the creation of his first of fifty-one original illustrations for the official Boy Scouts of America annual calendar, which can be seen in the Norman Rockwell Art Gallery at the National Scout Museum in Cimarron, New Mexico.

During World War I, he tried to enlist in the United States Navy but was refused entry because he was 8 pounds (64 kg) shorter than him at 6 foot (1.8 meters) tall. He spent one night binge-goding bananas, liquids, and doughnuts, and was weighed in enough to enlist the next day. He was made to perform as a military artist, but he didn't see any action during his tour of duty.

Rockwell created the Four Freedoms series in 1943, which resulted in him losing fifteen pounds in World War II. Franklin D. Roosevelt's address inspired the series, which described and articulated the Four Freedoms for universal rights. Freedom from Want, Freedom of Speech, the Right of Speech, and Fear of Fear were all painted by Rockwell.

The paintings were published in 1943 by The Saturday Evening Post, which was a newspaper in the United States. Rockwell modeled the Pennell shipbuilding family from Brunswick, Maine, for two of his paintings, Freedom from Want and A Thankful Mother, and he'd use photographs and his own imagination to create his dream paintings. The originals were sold in sixteen towns by the Treasury Department of the United States, who later promoted war bonds by exhibiting the originals. Freedom of Speech, according to Rockwell, was the highest of the four.

Several original paintings, costumes, and props were destroyed in his studio that same year. Because the period costumes and sets were irreplaceable, the fire divided his career into two phases, the second phase depicting modern characters and situations. Rockwell was contacted by writer Elliott Caplin, brother of cartoonist Al Capp, with the suggestion that the three of them make a daily comic strip together, with Caplin and his brother writing and Rockwell drawing. King Features Syndicate has been reported to have agreed to a $1,000 per week contract, knowing that a Capp–Rockwell partnership would be injurious to the public interest. The venture was ultimately shelved, but it was discovered that Rockwell, a writer known for his perfectionism as an artist, would not be able to produce material as quickly as would be expected of him for a daily comic strip.

Norman Rockwell spent the winter months at Otis College of Art and Design as an artist-in-residence. Students appeared in his Saturday Evening Post covers for a few days. In 1949, Rockwell donated an original Post cover, April Fool, to be raffled off in a library fund raiser.

Rockwell took time off from his work to grieve in 1959, after his wife Mary died suddenly from a heart attack. My Adventures as an Illustrator, Thomas Beck's autobiography, which was published in 1960, was released during the break. In eight consecutive issues, the Post published excerpts from this book, the first of which featured Rockwell's famous Triple Self-Portrait.

In 1963, Rockwell's last painting for the New York Times was published, marking the end of a publishing relationship that had included 321 cover paintings. He spent the next ten years painting for Look magazine, where his art represented his interests in civil rights, poverty, and space exploration.

In 1966, Rockwell was invited to paint portraits of the cast members of Stagecoach, as well as acting as an extra in the film as a "mangy old gambler."

Rockwell was asked to do an album cover portrait of Mike Bloomfield and Al Kooper for their album, The Live Adventures of Mike Bloomfield and Al Kooper.

Officials from Brown & Bigelow and the Boy Scouts of America invited Rockwell to appear in Beyond the Easel in 1969, as a commemoration of his birth.

The US Bureau of Reclamation sent Rockwell to paint the Glen Canyon Dam in 1969.

The Spirit of 1976, the Boy Scouts of America's last commission, was completed when Rockwell was 82, bringing an end to a lifelong collaboration that produced 471 images for periodicals, guidebooks, calendars, and promotional literature. His BSA career spanned 64 years, marking his longest professional association of his career. Joseph Csatari has continued his BSA's legacy and style.

In 1977, Rockwell was given the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the United States' highest civilian award, for "vivid and affectionate portraits of our country." Jarvis, Rockwell's uncle, accepted the award.

Rockwell died at the age of 84 in his Stockbridge, Massachusetts home on November 8, 1978. Rosalynn Carter, the First Lady, was attending his funeral.

On July 1, 1916, Rockwell married Irene O'Connor, his first wife. Irene was Rockwell's mother, Tucking Children into Bed, and was published on the front of The Literary Digest on January 19, 1921. On January 13, 1930, the couple divorced.

He travelled briefly to Alhambra, California, as a guest of his old friend Clyde Forsythe. The Doctor and the Doll were two of his best-known paintings, which included The Doctor and the Doll. On April 17, 1930, he met and married schoolteacher Mary Barstow. About a year after their marriage, the couple returned to New York right away. Three children were born: Jarvis Waring, Thomas Rhodes, and Peter Barstow. The family lived on 24 Lord Kitchener Road in New Rochelle, New York, New York, where they were born.

Rockwell and his wife were not regular churchgoers, but they were active in St. John's Wilmot Church, an Episcopal church near their house, where their sons were baptized. In 1939, Rockwell's work began to reflect small-town life in Arlington, Vermont. He'll be joined by his new friend, John Carlton Atherton, later this year.

The Rockwell family moved to Stockbridge, Massachusetts, in 1953, so that his wife could be seen at the Austen Riggs Center, a psychiatric hospital on 25 Main Street, close to where Rockwell's studio was located. Rockwell was also given psychotherapy by psychologist Erik Erikson, who was on staff at Riggs. Erikson told biographer Laura Claridge that he painted his happiness but did not live it. Mary died as a result of a heart attack on August 25, 1959.

On October 25, 1961, Rockwell married Mary Leete "Mollie" Punderson, a former Milton Academy English teacher. His Stockbridge studio was located on the second floor of a row of buildings. The Back Room Rest, also known as the famous "Alice's Restaurant," was directly underneath Rockwell's studio for a time in 1966. William Obanhein, the chief of police in Stockbridge, was a frequent model for Rockwell's paintings during his time in Stockbridge.

Rockwell, a member of the Monday Evening Club, a men's literary club based in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, from 1961 to his death. Five members of the club, as well as Jarvis Rockwell, served as pallbearers at his funeral.

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