Kim Il-Sung

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Kim Il-sung (Morne, Korean pronunciation: [kimils]; born Kim Song-ju; born on April 15, 1912; died in 1994) was a Korean politician and the founder of North Korea; he ruled from 1948 to 1994. He served as Premier from 1948 to 1972, and President from 1994 to 1994. He was the Chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) from 1949 to 1994 (he was referred to as Chairman from 1949 to 1966 and later as General Secretary after 1966). He ordered the invasion of South Korea in 1950, triggering an intervention in defense of South Korea initiated by the United Nations led by the US. Until the end of Japanese rule in 1945, he was in charge. Following the military stalemate in the Korean War, a ceasefire was signed on July 27. He was the longest-serving non-royal head of state/government in the twentieth century, and he served for more than 45 years.

North Korea was established as a socialist republic with a centrally planned economy under his leadership. It had close political and economic ties with the Soviet Union. North Korea had a higher quality of life than the South, which was suffering from political instability and economic crises in the late 1950s and 1970s. In the 1980s, the situation was reversed as South Korea became an economic powerhouse fueled by Japanese and American investment, military aid, and internal economic growth, while North Korea stagnated and then collapsed during the same period. Differences between North Korea and the Soviet Union have developed, chief among them was Kim Il-sung's Juche, which concentrated on Korean nationalism, self-reliance, and socialism. Despite this, the country received funds, subsidies, and assistance from the USSR and the Eastern Bloc until 1991's dissolution of the USSR. The subsequent shortage of economic assistance in the North had an adverse effect on the country's economy, contributing to widespread famine in 1994. North Korea remained skeptical of the United States defense force's presence in the area, which it considered imperialist, having seized the American ship USS Pueblo in 1968, which was part of an infiltration and subversion drive to reunify the peninsula under North Korea's reign. Kim lived outlived Joseph Stalin by four decades and Mao Zedong by almost two decades, and he served in office for six South Korean Presidents and ten US presidents. He established a personality cult that dominated domestic politics in North Korea. He was referred to as the Great Leader (Suryong).

Kim Jong-il, his oldest son, was elected to be a Presidium member and named as his successor at the 6th WPK Congress in 1980. The birthday of Kim Il-sung in North Korea is designated as a public holiday named "Day of the Sun" in honor of the Sun. Kim Il-sung was proclaimed "eternal President of the Republic" in 1998, four years after his death.

Early life

Kim Hyong-jik and Kang Pan-sok, who gave him the nickname Kim Song-ju, was born in Kim Hyong-jik and Kang Pan-sok. Kim Ch'ol-ju (or Kim Chul-ju) and Kim Yong-ju were Kim Yong-ju's younger brothers, Kim Ch'ol-chu (or Kim Chul-ju) and Kim Yong-ju.

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Kim's family is said to have sprung from Jeonju, North Jeolla Province. Kim Ung-u, his great-grandfather, died in Mangyongdae in 1860. Kim was born in Mangyungbong, (then called Namni) near Pyongyang on April 15, 1912, and later grew up in Mangyungbong, according to a 1964 semi-official biography of Kim.

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According to Kim, his family was not impoverished, but it was still a step away from being so. Kim said he was raised in a Presbyterian family, that his maternal grandfather, who was a Protestant minister, went to a missionary school, and was an elder in the Presbyterian Church, and that his parents were very involved in the religious faith. Kim's family was involved in anti-Japanese activities in Manchuria in 1920, when they migrated to Manchuria, according to a senior North Korean government account. They revolted the Japanese occupation of the Korean peninsula, which had started on August 29th. The repression of Korean opposition by 12 Japanese citizens in 1912 alone resulted in the arrest and detention of over 52,000 Korean civilians. 13 Many Korean families had to leave the Korean peninsula and settle in Manchuria as a result of this persecution.

Nevertheless, Kim's parents, particularly Kim's mother Kang Ban-suk, played a part in the anti-Japanese war that was sweeping the peninsula. 16 Their exact involvement —whether missionary, nationalist, or both — is uncertain.

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Kim formed the Down-with-Imperialism Union in October 1926. He attended Whasung Military Academy in 1926, but decided that the academy's teaching methods were outdated, and resigned in 1927. He attended Yuwen Middle School in China's Jilin province from 1930 to 1930, when he abandoned elder-generation Koreans' feudal traditions and became interested in communist ideologies. Kim's formal education ended when the police arrested and imprisoned him for his subversive conduct. Kim had been the youngest member of an underground Marxist group with fewer than 20 members at seventeen, led by H So, who belonged to the South Manchurian Communist Youth Association. Kim was jailed for several months before the group was established in 1929, and the police discovered the organisation three weeks after it was founded in 1929.

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Kim joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1931, but the Communist Party of Korea had been deposed in 1925 for being too nationalist. He was active in a variety of anti-Japanese guerrilla groups in northern China. In Manchuria, skepticism against the Japanese had risen, but the Japanese had yet to settle Manchuria as of May 1930. A spontaneous violent revolt in eastern Manchuria erupted on May 30, 1930, when peasants assaulted several local villages in the name of fighting "Japanese imperialism." This unplanned, irresponsible, and unfocused revolt was quickly suppressed by the authorities. Because of the war, the Japanese started planning an occupation of Manchuria. Kim allegedly made a speech in Yenchi County, Manchuria, on May 20th, warning the delegates against such unplanned uprisings during the 1930 revolution in eastern Manchuria.

The "Mukden Incident" in Manchuria's town of Mukden happened four months later, on September 1831. A very weak dynamite explosive charge went off near a Japanese railway. Although no injuries were caused, the Japanese used the incident to move armed forces into Manchuria and appoint a puppet government. Kim joined the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army, a guerrilla group led by the Chinese Communist Party, in 1935. Kim was picked the same year to serve as the country's third detachment of the second division, which involved approximately 160 soldiers. 53 Here Kim encountered Wei Zhengmin, Kim's immediate superior officer who served at the time as chairman of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army, as the man who would become his mentor as a communist. Wei communicated directly to Kang Sheng, a high-ranking party member close to Mao Zedong in Yan'an, before Wei's death on March 8.

Kim's activities during the Minsaengdan incident affirmed his leadership. Any Korean could potentially be a member of the pro-Japanese and anti-communist Minsaengdan, according to Chinese communists living in Manchuria. A purge culminated in the deposition of over 1,000 Koreans from the Communist Party of China, including Kim (who was arrested in late 1933 and cleared in early 1934). Kim Il Sung's memoirs - as well as those of the guerillas who fought alongside him - cite Kim's capture and burning of the Purge Committee's corrupt files as crucial to solidifying his leadership. Many people who had left Kim after the destruction of the suspect files and the rehabilitation of suspects rallied around Kim. Kim Il Sung "emerged from the purge as a de facto king, not only for the brave step but also for his compassion," historian Suzy Kim says.

Kim Il-sung, a Chinese word that means "Kim become the sun," Kim said in 1935. Kim was elected commander of the 6th division of 1937, at the age of 24, and was in charge of a few hundred men in a group that came to be described as "Kim Il-sung's faction." In a raid on Poch'onbo on June 4, 1937, he led 200 guerillas, burning the local government buildings and opening fire to a Japanese police station and post office. Kim's talents as a military leader were demonstrated by the success of the mission. The political coordination and coordination between the rebels and the Korean Fatherland Restoration Association, an anti-Japanese joint front group headquartered in Manchuria, was even more significant than the military's success. Kim will be given some measure of fame among Chinese rebels, and North Korean biographies will later regard it as a major victory for Korea.

The Japanese regarded Kim as one of the country's most influential and famous guerrilla leaders for their part. 160–161 He appeared on Japanese wanted lists as the "Tiger." In February 1940, the Japanese "Maeda Unit" was sent to hunt him. Kim Hye-sun, a woman thought to have been Kim Il-Sung's first wife, was kidnapped later in 1940. She was killed after being used as a hostage to try to persuade the Korean rebels to relinish. Kim was appointed commander of the 2nd operational area of the 1st Army but by the time of 1940, he was the only one-surviving Army leader alive. Pursued by Japanese troops, Kim, and what remained of his army were able to escape by crossing the Amur River into the Soviet Union. Kim, 53, was sent to a camp near Khabarovsk, where the Soviets retrained the Korean communist rebels. Kim and his army were sent to the 88th Separate Rifle Brigade, the Soviet Red Army's special unit from August 1942. Zhou Baozhong, Kim's immediate superior, was on hand. Kim was a Major in the Soviet Red Army at 50, and he served in it until 1945, the war II ended.

On August 8, 1945, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan, and the Red Army arrived Pyongyang on August 24. Stalin had ordered Lavrentiy Beria to suggest a communist leader for the Soviet-occupied territories, and Beria had met Kim several times before recommending him to Stalin.

Kim arrived in the Korean port of Wonsan on September 19th, 1945, after 26 years in exile. Kim was essentially "created from zero," according to Leonid Vassin, an officer with the Soviet MVD. For one, his Korean was marginal at best; he only had eight years of formal education, the majority of which was in Chinese. At a Communist Party congress three days after he arrived, he needed intensive assistance to read a speech (which the MVD had planned for him).

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The Soviets appointed Kim as First Secretary of the Korean Branch Bureau of the North Korean Branch Bureau in December 1945. 56 Originally, the Soviets wanted Cho Man-sik to lead a strong front government, but Cho refused to endorse a UN-backed trusteeship and clashed with Kim. On February 8, 1946, General Terentii Shtykov, who supervised the Soviet occupation of northern Korea, aided Kim over Pak Hon-yong to head the Provisional People's Committee for North Korea. Kim, as chairman of the committee, was "the top Korean administrative leader in the North," though he was actually de facto subordinate to General Shtykov until the Chinese involvement in the Korean War.

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Kim formed the Korean People's Army (KPA), which was aligned with the Communist Party, and recruited a cadre of guerrillas and former soldiers with combat experience in battles against the Japanese and later against Nationalist Chinese troops to solidify his command. Kim forged a large army of infiltration tactics and guerrilla warfare with Soviet strategists and equipment. Stalin supplied the KPA with modern, Soviet-built medium tanks, trucks, artillery, and small arms prior to Kim's invasion of the South in 1950, which triggered the Korean War. Kim also established an air force, which included Soviet-built propeller-driven fighters and attack aircraft. North Korean pilot candidates were taken to the Soviet Union and China later this year to train in MiG-15 jet jet aircraft at clandestine bases.

According to various reports, "Kim Il-sung" was previously used by a key early leader of the Korean opposition, Kim Kyung-cheon. 44. Kim took this name from a former chief who had died, according to Soviet officer Grigory Mekler, who served with Kim during the Soviet occupation. However, historian Andrei Lankov has argued that this is unlikely to be accurate. Several people knew Kim before and after his time in the Soviet Union, including his comrade, Zhou Baozhong, who denied the assertion of a "second" Kim in his diaries. Bruce Cumings, a historian, argued that Japanese officers from the Kwantung Army testified to his fame as a resistance figure. 160–161 Historians generally agree that although Kim's exploits were exaggerated by the personality cult that was created around him, he was a key guerrilla leader.

Personal life

Kim Il-sung married twice. Kim Jong-suk (1917-1949), his first wife, gave birth to two sons and one daughter before she died in childbirth following the birth of a stillborn baby. Kim Jong-il was his oldest son. This son (Kim Man-il, or Shaura Kim) of this family died in 1947 in a drowning crash. Kim Kyong-hui, a daughter of Korean immigrants, was born in 1946.

Kim Song-ae married Kim Song-ae (1924-2014) in 1952, and it is reported that he had three children with her: Kim Yng-il (not to be confused with the former Prime Minister of North Korea with the same name), Kim Kyng-il, and Kim Pyong-il. Before he became the ambassador to Hungary, Kim Pyong-il was a figure in Korean politics. Kim Pyong-il served as the Czech Republic's ambassador in 2015, but he resigned in 2019 and lives in North Korea.

Kim was found to have had other children with women with whom he was not married to. Kim Hyn-nam (born 1972, head of the Workers' Party's Propaganda and Agitation Department) was included among them.

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