Hugh Gaitskell
Hugh Gaitskell was born in London on April 9th, 1906 and is the Politician. At the age of 56, Hugh Gaitskell biography, profession, age, height, weight, eye color, hair color, build, measurements, education, career, dating/affair, family, news updates, and networth are available.
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Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell (9 April 1906 – 18 January 1963) was a British politician and Labour Party leader.
He was elected to Parliament in 1945 and served as Minister of Fuel and Power in Clement Attlee's governments, most notably as Chancellor of the Exchequer, before joining the Cabinet as Chancellor of the Exchequer.
Faced with the need to increase military spending in 1951, he levied National Health Service charges on dentures and spectacles, causing Aneurin Bevan, the Cabinet's top left-winger, to resign from the Cabinet. The apparent similarity in his opinion to that of his Conservative Party colleague Rab Butler was dubbed "Butskellism," initially a misnomer, and it was one part of the post-war consensus, in which the major parties largely agreed on the key issues of domestic and foreign policy until the 1970s.
Gaitskell, who was in opposition from 1951 to 1955, was a Labour leader and Opposition Leader.
In 1956, he opposed the Eden government's use of military force at Suez.
He led Labour to its third straight defeat at the 1959 general election against the backdrop of a burgeoning economy. In the face of backlash from major trade unions, he tried to strip Clause IV of the Labour Party Constitution, which committed Labour to nationalization of all industrial processes.
He did not reject public ownership completely, but also emphasized the virtues of liberty, social justice, and above all equality, as well as the recognition that they could be achieved by fiscal and social policies in a mixed economy.
His revisionist views, which were on the right wing of the Labour Party, were sometimes referred to as Gaitskellism. Despite this setback, Gaitskell revived an effort to implement unilateral nuclear disarmament as Labour Party policy, and opposed Prime Minister Harold Macmillan's attempt to lead the UK into the European Common Market.
He was loved and despised for his confrontational leadership and brutal frankness.
He died in 1963, when he seemed to be on the verge of leading Labour and becoming the next Prime Minister.
Early life
Hugh Gaitskell was born in Kensington, London, the third and youngest child of Arthur Gaitskell (1869-1915), and Adelaide Mary, née Jamieson (died 1956), whose father, George Jamieson, was consul-general in Shanghai and Japan, but before that, had been Judge of the British Supreme Court for China and Japan. As a child, he was known as "Sam" in the media. The Gaitskells had a long family association with the Indian Army, and he spent his childhood in Burma. After his father's death, his mother remarried and returned to Burma, leaving him at boarding school.
Gaitskell was educated at the Dragon School from 1912 to 1919, where he was a mentor of the future poet John Betjeman. He attended Winchester College from 1919 to 1924.
He lived at New College, Oxford, from 1924 to 1927. Gaitskell, a socialist, became a socialist and wrote a long essay on Chartism, explaining that the working class needs middle-class leadership. Gaitskell's first political involvement came as a result of the 1926 General Strike. The majority of students supported the government and some volunteered for civil defense service or helped with the operation of essential services. Gaitskell, oddly, backed the strikers and served as a catalyst for people like Evan Durbin and Cole's wife Margaret, who made speeches and published the trade union newspaper "British Workers." Gaitskell spent another six months raising funds for the miners, whose conflict (technically a lockout rather than a strike) didn't end until November. In 1927, he earned his first-class degree in Philosophy, politics, and economics.
Personal life
Gaitskell, a late 1920s WEA lecturer, lived in Nottinghamshire for a time. This is said to be his first adult encounter. He refused marriage as a "bourgeois institution" before the 1930s.
Gaitskell had a number of same-sex experiences while at Oxford, including with John Betjeman and John Gunther, and in the 1930s in Vienna.
By the mid-1930s, Gaitskell had formed a close friendship with Mrs. Dora Frost (née Creditor), who came out to join him in Vienna for the second part of his stay there. Adultery had such stigma that she felt it was not appropriate to help him during his 1936 Parliamentary campaign in Chatham. They were married on April 9, 1937, Gaitskell's thirty-first birthday, after she was unable to obtain prior to the passage of the Matrimonial Causes Act 1937, with Evan Durbin as the best man. Raymond Frost (b 1925), Dora's first husband, was a pupil. Julia, who was born in 1939, and Cressida, who was born in 1942, were both daughters. Dora Gaitskell died in 1989 after her husband's death a year earlier, and she became a Labour life peer.
Gaitskell's life began in the 1950s with socialite Ann Fleming, the widow of James Bond creator Ian Fleming. Gaitskell and her colleagues from Oxford Days "held hands and recited verse because they had loved each other in the first place" until her husband "silenced the eminent homos" who "did not appear too excited." "There was a scintilla of platonic homosexuality in [Gaitskell's] love for Tony [Crosland]," Woodrow Wyatt wrote.
He was amusing and amusing in private, with a love of ballroom dancing. This contrasted with his stern public image. He was a member of the Bilderberg Group's Steering Committee.
Academic and early political career
Gaitskell supervised miners in Nottinghamshire from 1927 to 1928. In 1928, his article on Chartism was published in a WEA booklet. This was his first contact with the working class. Gaitskell would eventually refuse both Cole's Guild socialism and Syndicalism, as well as the fact that the General Strike had been the last failed spat of a plan, seeking to reclaim control by direct trade union action, which had already been attempted in the 1921 abortive Triple Alliance Strike. It's unclear if Gaitskell was ever sympathetic to Oswald Mosley, then saw as a future Labour Party leader. Gaitskell's wife later stated that he never had been married, but Margaret Cole, Evan Durbin's wife, and Noel Hall said he was not interested in joining Mosley's New Party in 1931, despite being a critic of factional splits.
Gaitskell was a member of the New Fabian Research Bureau, which was established by G. D. Cole in March 1931. In 1932, he was elected Labour candidate for Chatham. At Noel Hall's invitation, Gaitskell moved to University College London in the early 1930s. He joined the XYZ Club, a Labour financial expert club, in 1934 (e.g. Hugh Dalton (who was a protégé for Douglas Jay and Evan Durbin) and City people such as economist Nicholas Davenport are among those who referred to him. Over the next fifteen years, Dalton and Gaitskell were often described as "Big Hugh and Little Hugh" in Dalton and Gaitskell.
Gaitskell was in Vienna on a Rockefeller scholarship in 1934. He was attached to the University of Vienna for the 1933–34 academic year and witnessed firsthand the radical marginalization of the social democratic workers movement initiated by the conservative Engelbert Dollfuss' government in February 1934. This event left a lasting impression on him, making him explicitly hostile to conservatism while also making him reject as futile the Marxian perspective of many European social democrats. He was put in the socialist revolutionist camp.
He failed unsuccessfully as the Labour Party nominee for Chatham in 1935 general election. In 1937, Gaitskell contributed to the creation of "Labour's Immediate Programme." This placed a large emphasis on planning, but not as much as his mentor Dalton would have liked, with no proposals for nationalization of banks or the steel industry. He also drafted documents that would have been used in the 1939–40 election. Dalton was voted candidate for South Leeds in 1937, and if it hadn't been for the war, he'd almost certainly have become an MP by 1940.
When Hall was appointed Director of the National Institute of Economic and Social Research in 1938, he and Paul Rosenstein-Rodan became head of the Department of Political Economy at UCL, jointly with Paul Rosenstein-Rodan. He also became a University Reader. He condemned Nazi Germany's appeasement and favoured rearmament.
