Dag Hammarskjold

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Dag Hjalmar Hammarskjöld (29 July 1905 – 18 September 1961) was a Swedish economist and diplomat who served as the second Secretary-General of the United Nations.

Hammarskjöld is the youngest person to have held the position at 47 years old at the time.

When en route to cease-fire talks during the Congo Crisis, his second term was cut short after he died in the crash of his DC-6 plane (whose cause is still unclear).

He is one of only four people to be honoured with the Nobel Prize, and his appointment has been lauded as the most notable UN achievement. Hammarskjöld was "the greatest statesman of our century," according to US President John F. Kennedy.

Early life and education

Dag Hammarskjöld was born in Jönköd to the noble family Hammarskjöld (also spelled Hammarskiöld or Hammarsköld). He spent the majority of his childhood in Uppsala. Uppsala Castle was his home there, which he regarded as his childhood home. He was the fourth and youngest son of Hjalmar Hammarskjöld, Sweden's Prime Minister from 1914 to 1917.

Hammarskjöld started training at Katedralskolan and later at Uppsala University. He had obtained a Licentiate of Philosophy and Master of Laws degree by 1930. He had already obtained a job as Assistant Secretary of the Unemployment Committee before he completed his law degree.

Personal life

Hammarskjöld, who had been named United Nations Secretary General shortly after his appointment as United Nations Secretary General, was interviewed on radio by Edward R. Murrow in 1953.

In this talk Hammarskjöld declared:

Vägmärken (Markings, or more simply Waymarks) was Hammarskjöld's only book, or rather Waymarks, that was published in 1963. The book begins in 1925, when he was 20 years old, and it comes to an end in 1961, the author's diary reflections. This diary was discovered in Leif Belfrage's New York home after his death, as well as an undated letter sent to then Swedish Permanent Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs Leif Belfrage.

In this letter, Hammarskjöld wrote:

The foreword was written by English poet W. H. Auden, a Hammarskjöld friend.

"the noblest self-disclosure of spiritual struggle and triumph," Markings was referred to by late explorer Henry P. Van Dusen as "the most important responsibilities for world peace and order" in the midst of professional life and amidst the most exacting tasks for world peace and stability.

Hammarskjöld wrote, for example:

Hammarskjöld's intermingling of prose and haiku poetry in a way exemplified by the 17th-century Japanese poet Basho in his Narrow Roads to the Deep North. W. H. Auden's foreword to Markings refers to Hammarskjöld as saying: 'I think you're right.'

Hammarskjöld's keenness in philosophical and spiritual subjects was also shown by the discovery of Martin Buber's main work, I and Thou, which he was translating into Swedish, in the wreckage after the plane crashed.

On the anniversary of Hammarskjöld's death, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America commemorates his life as a renewer of culture.

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Career

Hammarskjöld was Secretary of a federal committee on unemployment from 1930 to 1934. He wrote his economics thesis, "Konjunkturspridningen" ("The Spread of the Business Cycle") during this period, and obtained a doctorate from Stockholm University during this period. He became a secretary in Sweden's central bank, the Riksbank, in 1936. He served as chairman of the Riksbank's General Council from 1941 to 1948.

Hammarskjöld started off with a fruitful career as a Swedish public servant. He served as the Minister of Finance from 1936 to 1956, Sweden's delegate to the Organization for European Economic Cooperation 1947-1953, cabinet secretary for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs 1949–1953, and minister without portfolio in Tage Erlander's government 1951–1953.

He helped coordinate government plans to solve the post-World War II period's economic challenges and served as a delegate to the Paris conference that introduced the Marshall Plan. He assumed responsibility for the Swedish delegation to UNISCAN in 1950, a forum to promote economic cooperation between the UK and Scandinavian countries. Despite the fact that Hammarskjöld served in a cabinet ruled by the Social Democrats, he never officially joined any political party.

Hammarskjöld, deputy chairman of the Swedish delegation of the United Nations General Assembly in Paris in 1951, was vice chairman of the Swedish delegation. In 1952, he became the chairman of the Swedish delegation to the General Assembly in New York. He was elected to fill his father's vacant seat in the Swedish Academy on December 20, 1954.

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