Carlos Mesa

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Carlos Diego Mesa Gisbert (born August 12, 1953) served as Bolivia's president from 2003 to 2005.

He served as Bolivia's vice president from August 2002 to October 2003.

Mesa had been a television journalist before.

Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, the MNR candidate, was prompted to nominate him as a running mate in the 2002 Bolivian presidential elections due to his widespread fame.

Sánchez-Mesa's winning ticket went into operation on August 6, 2002.

In a bitter conflict identified as the Bolivian Gas War, a series of demonstrations and strikes closed down Bolivia shortly after becoming vice president.

The marches eventually compelled Sánchez de Lozada to resign, causing forward Mesa to step in as president. Mesa, a spokesman for Bolivia in the Obligation to Negotiate Access to the Pacific Ocean case in the International Court of Justice, which was ultimately dismissed.

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Early life and career

Carlos Mesa was born in La Paz on August 12, 1953. José de Mesa, José de Mesa, is of Spanish descent; his grandfather, José Mesa Sánchez, emigrated to Bolivia from Alcalá la Real in 1910. Mesa was elected as the municipality's adoptive son due to his ethnicity, which was largely established in 2005. Teresa Gisbert, his mother, was of Catalan descent, and her father and mother immigrated from Barcelona to Alicante; her father and mother were born in Barcelona. De Mesa and Gisbert were two of Bolivia's most influential architects, scholars, and museologists of their day. Andrés, Isabel, and Teresa Guiomar are three of his younger siblings.

Mesa completed primary and advanced secondary education at the all-boys private Catholic and Jesuit San Calixto School in La Paz's Següencoma barrio. He went to Spain in 1970, finishing his high school education at the San Estanislao de Kotska School in Madrid. Mesa enrolled in Complutense University of Madrid after graduating, studying majors in political science and letters. He returned to Bolivia after three years, where he enrolled in the Higher University of San Andrés (UMSA), graduating with a degree in literature in 1978. During his time as a student at UMSA in 1974, he directed the Faculty of Humanities journal.

Mesa married Patricia Flores Soto at the age of twenty-two, but three years later, they divorced. Borja Ignacio and Guiomar, a psychologist and environmental consultant with whom he had two children, married Elvira Salinas Gamarra on March 28, 1980.

Bolivian Cinematheque was founded on July 12th, 1976, while still a student at the University of Mesa, Pedro Susz and Amalia de Gallardo assisted in the creation of the Bolivian Cinematheque. The group secured a tiny amount of space on the fifth floor of the La Paz House of Culture with the assistance of Renzo Cotta of the Center of Cinematic Orientation and La Paz Mayor Mario Mercado in order to begin their film collection. Jorge Ruiz Laredo's short film Jaime Laredo about the violinist Jaime Laredo, which was donated by the pianist Ral Barragán, was the first addition to the collection. Mesa, along with Susz, served as the cinematheque's executive director from 1985 to 1985, and then became a member of the Board of Directors.

Mesa's first radio appearance appeared in 1969, during which he first journalistic attempt. He gained a three-month internship for Radio Universo, where he would carry portable tape recorders to ministerial press conferences before returning and cutting the recorded footage for broadcast use. Mesa became the independent producer and host of a radio Méndez show in 1974, with the support of Universo's chief Lorenzo Carri. Mesa returned to Universo in 1976, where he and Roberto Melogno produced the morning newscast 25 Minutos en el Mundo. Mesa's meager cinematheque salary compelled him to seek more specialized journalistic work in 1979. He joined Radio Cristal, which was owned by Mario Castro together with Carri. The pair's presentational style changed from simple news coverage to commentary and analysis, and, eventually, opinion journalism. After being suspended by Luis Garca Meza's military government, the station was reopened and developed to become the country's best news network between 1982 and 1985.

Mesa made his first television appearance after a brief stint as sub-director of the evening periodical Teatre Hora between 1982 and 1983. University television was the only major competition to state outlets during that time. Channel 13 Televisión Universitaria (TVU), directed by Luis González Quintanilla, played a crucial role in the country's political transition. González invited Mesa to a panel on one of televisionU's programs in 1982, during the country's democratic transition and the reopening of independent media. González, a young journalist, had pressed him to host a culture-themed talk show. Though Diálogos en Vivo only existed for three months, it served as the backbone for what later became known as Mesa's national television star.

De Cerca was the program's name. The show's goal, which was devised by Bolivian National Television officials Julio Barragán and Carlos Soria, combined formal interviews of Bolivian political figures with a section in which recorded questions from ordinary citizens were relayed by the host to the visitor. Mesa was called on to host the show in mid-1983, an invitation he "accepted without reservation." De Cerca's first visitor, Minister of Planning Roberto Pando, attended the inaugural event on September 15, 1983. The show premiered in the country's worst-inflation crisis; Mesa's salary cycle spanned long stretches in the Ministry of Finance's bureaucracy; often appearing two or three months late. Due to inflation, the company's last payment, which was released in July 1985, was b$63.5 million.

Save for the eventual disappearance of pre-recorded questions, which Mesa said, "broke the program's stability while still restricting the discussion to overly circumstantial concerns." De Cerca's style and presentation remained relatively unchanged for two decades and between four channels, giving it the appearance of "permanence in time." During its tenure, the program showcased a significant majority of the country's most influential political figures; to be admitted onto the show, it became a mark of national prominence. Any president of the country who served during the show's tenure was interviewed, as well as some previous ones, with the notable exception of Vctor Paz Estenssoro and Hernán Siles Zuazo, neither of whom, with few exceptions, has ever accepted television broadcasting invitations. The omission of these two figures in Mesa was "a big gap in De Cerca that I will never forget."

Mesa began on August 1st. 1990, together with fellow journalists Mario Espinoza and Amalia Pando and financially assisted by Ximena Valdivia, Mesa launched Associated Journalists Television (Periodistas Televisión; PAT). The network's goal, which later became an audiovisual production firm, was to establish a newscast that was free of government control and censorship. PAT began delivering public news coverage to the United States starting from September 15th. In 1992, Jaime Paz Zamora's government canceled the State television corporation in favour of a PAT deal that had been approved by the succeeding government of Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada. Mesa's staff of journalists took pains to maintain a level of objectivity in their reporting despite the state's financial assistance. Pando admits that both she and Mesa endorse several of Sánchez de Lozada's first term's legislative agendas, but denies that this constituted "a tie" to the government.

Despite its early success, a series of problems began to grow along the channel. Hugo Banzer's government declared a boycott after seeing the newscast as a conduit for the opposition. This, along with an economic recession and a series of well-done but mostly unpopular new initiatives, brought PAT into a financial crisis. Mesa's vice-presidential candidacy, according to Pando, had "devastating implications" for the channel's reputation as an independent news network. The company was sold to businessman Abdallah Daher, who later sold it to Comercializadora del Sur (SRL). Only the name has remained with the original channel.

Mesa's longest-serving editorial position was as a regular contributor to the sports supplements of the morning papers Hoy, Presencia, Viva, and La Prensa; he published for these publications from 1976 to 2002. He worked as a film critic for the La Paz prints Apertura (1979), Hoy (1981–1982), and ltima Hora (1983–1986) from 1979 to 1986. Sol de Pando, a regular editor-at-large for the morning papers El Deber, El Nuevo Sur, El Potos, Corcorre, Correo del Sur, La Patria, Los Tiempos, Página Siete, and Sol de Pando, from 2010 to 2017. In addition, Mesa has written columns for international newspapers such as the Spanish Diario 16, El Pa's, the American Foreign Policy, and Germany's Der Spiegel.

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