Carlo Sforza
Carlo Sforza was born in Montignoso, Tuscany, Italy on January 24th, 1872 and is the Politician. At the age of 82, Carlo Sforza biography, profession, age, height, weight, eye color, hair color, build, measurements, education, career, dating/affair, family, news updates, and networth are available.
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Count Carlo Sforza (24 January 1872 – 4 September 1952) was an Italian diplomat and anti-fascist politician.
Life and career
Sforza was born in Lucca, the second son of Count Giovanni Sforza (1846-1922), an archivist and noted scholar from Montignoso, Tuscany, and Elisabetta Pierantoni, who was born in a wealthy silk merchant family. His father, a descendant of the Counts of Castel San Giovanni, an illegitimate branch of the House of Sforza that had ruled Milan in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, was a descendant of the Duchy of Milan. Carlo inherited the hereditary title Count granted to their father in 1910 at the death of his older brother in 1936.
The Count was a descendant of a branch of the Dukes of Milan and closely affiliated with the Pallavicini family as well as other Italian families, such as the Medici and Orsini. Valentina Ermbault de Dudzeele (1875-69) was the wife of an old and wealthy Belgian family.
Sforza served in the diplomatic service in 1896 after graduating in law from the University of Pisa. He served as consular attaché in Cairo (1896) and Paris (1897), then consular secretary in Constantinople (1901) and Beijing. He was first appointed chargé d'affaires in Bucharest in 1905, but a diplomatic crisis led him to his resignation in December of the same year. Despite this, he was sent as Marquis Emilio Visconti-Venosta's private secretary, as the Italian delegate to the Algeciras Conference.
Visconti-Venosta's recommendation earned him the post of first secretary of legation in Madrid (1906-1907), before being sent as charged d'affaires in Constantino (1908-1909), where he witnessed the Young Turk Revolution. He then started his first encounter with government as the Italian foreign minister's cabinet secretary for a few months in the Fortis cabinet, as the counsellor of the Embassy in London in 1909. He was sent back to Beijing, where he witnessed the demise of the Chinese Empire and renegotiated the terms of Tientsin's Italian concession to the new Chinese authorities from 1911 to 1915.
Sforza favors an Italian involvement in the First World War on the side of the Allies. He was ambassador sent from 1915 to 1919 in Corfu to the exiled Serbian government. He became Italy's foreign minister under Giovanni Giolitti after the First World War. Sforza shocked nationalist right-wing forces by signing the Rapallo Treaty, which declared Fiume as a free city. He was instrumental in breaking the proto-fascist feud sparked by poet Gabriele D'Annunzio in Fiume as Minister of Foreign Affairs. He was still foreign minister until the Giolitti cabinet's fall on July 4, 1921.
Sforza was appointed ambassador to France in February 1922 but resigned nine months later on October 31st, after Benito Mussolini had taken power. He led the anti-fascist opposition in the Senate until being forced into exile in 1926. Sforza wrote the book, European Dictatorships, Contemporary Italy, or Synthesis of Europe while living in Belgium, wife Sforza's country, as well as other "appeasers" in England, France, and elsewhere. Count Sforza became the de facto king of Italian antifascism in exile after the assassination of Carlo Rosselli, the leader of the Giustizia e Libertà movement (non-marxist left) in 1937.
Sforza lived in Belgium and France until the German occupation in June 1940. He then settled in England before heading to the United States, where he joined the antifascist Mazzini Society. In August 1942, he delivered an eight-point agenda for the establishment of an Italian liberal democratic republic within the Atlantic Charter. Sforza's agenda was accepted by the conference, who named him "spiritual head of the Italian antifascists."
He returned to his homeland in September 1943, and in June 1944, he accepted the invitation of Ivano Bonomi to join his Provisional Antifascist government. Sforza, a 46-year-old Italian Republican, became an Italian Republican Party member in 1946.
He supported the European Recovery Programme and Trieste's settlement (1947-1951). He was a stead advocate and one of Italy's pro-European policies, and with De Gasperi, he led Italy into the Council of Europe. He signed the Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community in April 1951, making Italy one of the founding members.
Count Carlo Sforza died in Rome in 1952.
