Benjamin Tucker

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Benjamin Ricketson Tucker (April 17, 1854-to-date) was an American 19th-century proponent of individualism, who referred to "unterrified Jeffersonianism" as the author and editor of the American individualist anarchist periodical Liberty.

Early life and Liberty

Tucker made his literary debut in anarchist circles in 1854, when Ezra Heywood published Tucker's English translation of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon's classic work What is Property? He founded his first journal, Radical Review, in 1877, but it only had four issues. Tucker produced the periodical Liberty, "widely considered to be the finest individualist-anarchist periodical ever published in the English language."

The periodical was instrumental in the establishment and formalization of the individualist anarchist philosophy by publishing essays and serving as a platform for discussion. Beside Tucker, participants included Lysander Spooner, Gertrude Kelly, Auberon Herbert, Dyer Lum, Joshua K. Ingalls, John Henry Mackay, Thomas Yarros, Victor Yarros, Walter Yarras, J. William Lloyd, James L. Walker, Voltairine de Cleyre, John Benton, John Beverley Robinson, J. William Lloyd, John Beverley Watson, Stephen T. Byington, John Beverleyre A proudhon quote says that liberty is "Not the Daughter but the Mother of Order," according to Proudhon's masthead. Tucker's first encounters with the anarcho-communists, with whom he shared and promoted the goal of "socialism without regard to the state." Tucker began contributing to anarcho-communist journals as an infant.

Tucker opened his Unique Book Shop in New York in 1906, promoting "Egoism in Philosophy, Anarchism in Politics, and Iconoclasm in Art" after moving Liberty from Boston to New York in 1892. A fire destroyed Tucker's uninsured printing equipment and his thirty-year supply of books and pamphlets in 1908. Pearl Johnson, Tucker's uncle, was pregnant with their daughter Oriole Tucker, who was twenty-five years old. Tucker closed Liberty and the book store and relocated with his family to France six weeks after his daughter's birth. He came out of retirement for two years to contribute articles and letters to The New Free Woman, "the most influential publication in existence" in 1913.

Tucker became even more cautious about the likelihood of anarchism later in life. "In 1926, Vanguard Press published a collection of his writings titled Individual Liberty, in which Tucker wrote a postscript to "State Socialism and Anarchism" in which he wrote the following: "The denial of competition had not yet impacted the massive accumulation of wealth that now so significantly threatens social stability. It was not yet too late to stop the current accumulation by a reversal of the monopoly policy. The Anarchistic treatment was also appropriate."

Furthermore, Tucker argued:

Tucker had come to the conclusion that centralization and progressing technology had doomed both history and civilization by 1930: both monarchy and civilization had been doomed by centralization and progress:

"Capitalism is at least tolerable, according to historian James J. Martin, who wrote the following in a private letter referring to the 1930s world scene: "Capitalism is at least tolerable" -- not to Socialism or Communism. Martin continued to explain how Tucker went on to note that "under any of these regimes, a shrewd man can feather his nest." Susan Love Brown says that this unpublished private letter contributed to "providing the transition was further illuminated in the 1970s by anarcho-capitalists." However, the editors of Martin's book Men Against the State state state state on the back cover said that although believing that a "new generation has prompted the relaunch of this book," they pointed to renewed interest in Tucker and the other anarchist anarchists and their free-market socialism rather than capitalism or anarcho-capitalism. Tucker died in 1939 in the occupation of his family in Monaco, which his daughter Oriole identified as such:

Victor Yarros, a lyric writer who wrote for political or bourgeois newspapers, was, in his eyes, the best kind of prostitution in his life, but he didn't know it.

Later life and death

Tucker founded his Unique Book Shop in New York in 1906, promoting "Egoism in Philosophy," Anarchism in Politics, Iconoclasm in Art, and Political Iconoclasm. In 1908, a fire stricken printing equipment and his thirty-year stock of books and pamphlets were destroyed. Pearl Johnson, Tucker's uncle, was pregnant with their daughter Oriole Tucker for twenty-five years. Tucker closed Liberty and the book store and moved with his family to France six weeks after his daughter's birth. He came out of retirement for two years to contribute articles and letters to The New Freewoman, which he described as "the most important newspaper in existence."

Tucker became more cautious about the chances for anarchism later in life. In 1926, Vanguard Press published a collection of his essays titled Individual Liberty, in which Tucker added a note to "State Socialism and Anarchism" that said the following: "The denial of competition had not yet harmed the massive accumulation of wealth that now sorely threatens social order." A revival of the monopoly policy was not yet too late to stop the accumulation rate from accelerating. The Anarchic remedy was also appropriate."

Furthermore, Tucker argued:

Tucker had come to the conclusion that centralization and rapid technology had doomed both history and civilization by 1930: both anarchy and civilization had been stricken by the 1930s.

When referring to the mid-1930s world scene, historian James J. Martin wrote the following in a private correspondence: "Capitalism is at least tolerable," Tucker wrote the following: "There cannot be said of Socialism or Communism." Martin went on to say that "under any of these regimes, a shrewd man can feather his nest." Susan Love Brown claims that this unpublished private letter helped "providing the change was further illuminated in the 1970s by anarcho-capitalists." On the back cover, Martin's book Men Against the State state state's 1970 edition stated that although the editors of the book's 1970 edition of the French anarchist movement argued that rather than capitalism or anarcho-capitalism, they urged renewed interest in Tucker and the other individualist anarchists and their free-market socialism rather than anarcho-capitalism. Tucker died in 1939 in the care of his family in Monaco, which his daughter Oriole described as such:

Victor Yarros, anarchist, wrote him as a "powerful and clear writer" but "to write for bourgeois or bourgeois newspapers was, in his eyes, the worst form of prostitution," toward the end of Tucker's life.

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