Yip Harburg

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Edgar Yipsel Harburg (born Isidore Hochberg; April 8, 1896 – March 5, 1981) was an American popular song lyricist and librettist who worked with many well-known composers. He wrote the lyrics to the standards "Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?" (with Jay Gorney), "April in Paris", and "It's Only a Paper Moon", as well as all of the songs for the film The Wizard of Oz, including "Over the Rainbow". He was known for the social commentary of his lyrics, as well as his leftist leanings. He championed racial and gender equality and union politics. He also was an ardent critic of religion.

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Early life and career

Harburg, the youngest of four children (out of ten), was born on the Lower East Side of New York City on April 8, 1896. Lewis Hochberg and Mary Ricing, both of whom immigrated from Russia, were Yiddish-speaking Orthodox Jews.

Edgar Harburg later took the name Edgar Harburg and became better known as Edgar "Yip" Harburg. He attended Townsend Harris High School, where he and Ira Gershwin, who bonded over a shared love for Gilbert and Sullivan, worked on the school paper and became lifelong friends. According to his son Ernie Harburg, Gilbert, and Ireland dramatist George Bernard Shaw, a "liberal socialist [and] sworn enemy of all tyranny against the people, the humour is an act of courage and disomo.

Harburg returned to New York after World War II and graduated from City College (the latter part of the City University of New York), where Ira Gershwin had attended with him in 1921. Harburg began writing light verse for local newspapers after Harburg married and had two children. He became a co-owner of Consolidated Electrical Appliance Company following the 1929 financial recession, leaving Harburg "anywhere from $50,000 – $70,000 in debt" as a result of the next few decades. Harburg and Ira Gershwin decided that Harburg should begin writing song lyrics at this point.

Harburg performed for Jay Gorney, who worked with him on songs for a Earl Carroll Broadway review (Earl Carroll's Sketchbook): the show was a hit and Harburg was hired as lyricist for a string of unsuccessful revues, including Americana in 1932, for which he wrote the lyrics of "Brother, Can You Spare a Dime" (Earl Carroll's Sketchbook). To the tune of a lullaby Gorney had learned as a child in Russia. This song swept the country, becoming the Great Depression's anthem.

Harburg was a ferocious critic of faith. He wrote "Atheist" a poem that summarized his theology of God.

Later career

Earl Robinson, a poet from Harburg, requested Harburg's assistance with the song "Hurry Sundown,"; the two musicians collaborated on the album and were named co-writers. The song was supposed to be used in the film Hurry Sundown but wasn't used in the film. It was, on the other hand, that Peter, Paul, and Mary Booth had recorded it on their 1966 album The Peter, Paul, and Mary Album. The album was released as a single in 1967 and debuted at No. 10 on the charts. On the Billboard Easy Listening chart, 37 are on page 37. The Grammy Award for Best Folk Recording was also given to it.

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