Xu Guangxian

At 94 years old, Xu Guangxian physical status not available right now. We will update Xu Guangxian's height, weight, eye color, hair color, build, and measurements.

After returning to China in 1951, Xu became an associate professor at the Department of Chemistry of Peking University. By autumn 1952, he held professorships in both the Department of Chemistry and the Department of Technical Physics. Xu held various directorships at the university. He worked primarily in the areas of quantum chemistry and chemical bonding theory. He studied the bonding characteristics of molecules and proposed a formula relating the order of filling of atomic orbital levels to the grouping of elements into periods in the periodic table. This led to greater understanding of the lanthanides and actinides.

Xu became the department dean in 1956 and directed the department of radiation chemistry. Xu was involved in the Chinese nuclear weapons development program, in which he played a role in separating and extracting elements for nuclear fuels. In particular, he did experimental research on the separation of Uranium-235 and Uranium-238. After 1966, when the Cultural Revolution began, Xu's department stopped doing atomic research.

During the Cultural Revolution, Xu and his wife Gao Xiaoxia were accused of spying for the Kuomintang and sent to a labor camp from 1969 to 1972.: 8

When he returned to Peking University in 1972, Xu was asked to change his field of study to the extraction of praseodymium, a rare earth element. During the 1970s, Xu studied the theoretical basis and design for solvent extraction, developed mathematical models, and made important contributions towards the development of separation processes for rare earth elements. Gao Xiaoxia's development of microanalytical techniques in polarography contributed to the success of Xu's research. Xu developed the process of countercurrent extraction (also known as series extraction or cascade extraction) and substantially reduced both the time needed to extract materials, and their resulting cost.

Xu founded the Research Center of Rare Earth Chemistry as of 1986 and was essential in establishing the State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications in 1989. He served as Director and as Chairman of its Academic Committee.

In 2005, Xu Guangxian raised concerns about the mining of thorium in the Baotou area, where mine wastes were released into the Yellow River. The Yellow River is a source of drinking water for an estimated 150 million people, so radioactive contamination is a very serious issue. Xu has suggested that the Chinese develop stocks of rare earths to stave off shortages of rare earths.

Xu published more than 500 reviewed papers and several books. These included Principle of Extraction Chemistry, Rare Earth Solvent Extraction, The Structure of Matter and The Basic Principles of Quantum Chemistry and Ab-initio Calculation. Xu has supervised hundreds of students.

Source

• Xu has twice received China's State Natural Science Award (Second Class and Third Class, 1987); twice received the State Science and Technology Progress Award (Second Class, 1998; Third Class, 1991); and received the Ho Leung Ho Lee Prize for Scientific and Technological Progress in 1994.
• Xu received the 2008 State Preeminent Science and Technology Award. It was presented to him at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, on January 9, 2009, by Hu Jintao. Xu was also congratulated by Wen Jiabao. The award is considered to be China's equivalent to the Nobel Prize.
• In 2009, Xu Guangxian, Qian Xuesen, Zhang Guangdou, and Wu Wenjun were honored with the inaugural SJTU Outstanding Alumni Lifetime Achievement Award from Shanghai Jiao Tong University.
• Asteroid 345871 Xuguangxian, discovered by astronomers with the PMO NEO Survey Program at Purple Mountain Observatory in 2007, was named in his memory. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on January 9, 2020 (M.P.C. 120070).