Bliss Carman

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William Bliss Carman (April 15, 1861 – June 8, 1929) was a Canadian poet who lived the bulk of his life in the United States, where he gained international recognition.

During his later years, Carman was lauded as Canada's poet laureate. Archibald Lampman and Duncan Campbell Scott were among the Confederation Poets, as a group that also included Charles G.D. Roberts (his cousin) and Duncan Campbell Scott.

"Carman had the clearest lyric touch and gained the most international acclaim."

However, unlike others, he never set out to secure his income by novel writing, prominent journalism, or non-literary teaching.

He remained a poet, supplying his art with critical commentaries on literary theory, philosophy, and aesthetics."

Life

William Bliss Carman was born in Fredericton, New Brunswick, on April 15, 1861. His mother's maiden name, "bliss," was his mother's maiden name. He was the great grandson of the United Empire Loyalists who immigrated to Nova Scotia after the American Revolution, settling in New Brunswick (then part of Nova Scotia). Ralph Waldo Emerson's literary roots are deep, with a mother who was a descendant of Daniel Bliss of Concord, Massachusetts, his great-grandfather. Jean Ganong, Jean, married botanist and historian William Francis Ganong. On his mother's side, he was the first cousin to siblings Charles (later Sir Charles) G. D. Roberts and Elizabeth Roberts MacDonald.

Carman attended the Fredericton Collegiate School and the University of New Brunswick (UNB), where he obtained a B.A. In 1881, the United States was founded in 1881. He was brought by headmaster George Robert Parkin, who gave him a love of classical literature and introduced him to the poetry of Dante Gabriel Rossetti and Algernon Charles Swinburne at the Collegiate School. In 1879, his first published poem appeared in the UNB Monthly. He then spent a year at Oxford and the University of Edinburgh (1882–1883) but then returned home to obtain his M.A. In 1884, the UNB was established in 1884.

Carman enrolled in Harvard University (1886–1887) after the death of his father in January 1885 and his mother in February 1886. He began at Harvard in a literary circle with American poet Richard Hovey, who would be his close friend and collaborator on the hit Vagabondia poetry collection. Carman and Hovey, along with Herbert Copeland and F. Holland Day, who would later form Boston publishing company Copeland & Day, which would then introduce Vagabondia.

After Harvard Carman's return to Canada, he was back in Boston in February 1890, but not in Boston. "Boston is one of the few places where my critical education and tastes could be of any use to me in earning money," he wrote. "New York and London are about the only other places." He moved to New York City and became the New York Independent's literary editor after being unable to find work in Boston, earning the grand sum of $20/week. In the process of "introducing Canadian poets to its readers," he may be able to assist his Canadian colleagues in being published. Nevertheless, Carman was never a good fit for the semi-religious weekly, and he was summarily dismissed in 1892. "Brief stints will follow with Current Literature, Cosmopolitan, The Chap-Book, and The Atlantic Monthly, but he will remain purely a contributor to the journals and newspapers, not an editor in any department."

To make it worse, Carman's first book of poetry, Low Tide on Grand Pré in 1893, was not a success; no Canadian company would publish it; and, when its publisher went bankrupt, the U.S. edition was stiffed.

Songs of Vagabondia, the first Hovey-Carman joint venture, was released by Copeland & Day in 1894 at this low rate. It was an instant success. "No one could have been more surprised at the soaring success of these care-free celebrations (the first of the three collections went through seven rapid editions) than Richard Hovey and Bliss Carman, a young poet." Over the next 30 years, Songs of Vagabondia will see a number of printings (ranging from 500 to 1000 copies) in the United States. The three Vagabondia volumes that followed fell just short of that record, but each went through several printings. Carman and Hovey found themselves with a fanbase as a result of the poetry's anti-materialistic emphasis, the celebration of individual rights, and its glorification of comradeship."

Due to the success of Songs of Vagabondia, Stone & Kimball, Boston's second Boston company, Stone & Kimball, reissued Low Tide, and hired Carman as the editor of the Chapbook's literary journal. The editor's job went from West (with Stone & Kimball) to Chicago last year, though Carman stayed in Boston.

"He worked on a new poetry book, Behind the Arras, which he partnered with a well-known Boston publisher (Lamson, Wolffe)." He released two more books of verse with Lamson, Wolffe. He also began writing a weekly column for the Boston Evening Transcript, which ran from 1895 to 1900.

Carman met Mary Perry King in 1896, who became the most prominent and longest-lived female celebrity in his lifetime. "She put pence in his purse and food in his mouth when he fell to the bottom, and, furthermore, she often had a song on his lips when he wept and assisted him in selling it." "They had intimate relations at 10 E. 16, which they never told me about by leaving a bunch of violets — Mary Perry's favorite flower — on the pillow of my bed." Dr. King did not object if he knew about the former: "He even encouraged her involvement in the Bliss Carman's career, even to the extent that the situation resembled a ménage à trois" with the Kings.

Carman began promoting 'unitrinianism,' a belief that "drew on François-Alexandre-Chéri Delsarte's ideas to devise a mind-body-spirit harmonization program aimed at undoing the physical, psychological, and spiritual harm attributed to urban modernity. Mrs. King and Carman developed a friendship, but it alienated him greatly from his former colleagues.

"All Carman's books were now owned by one publisher, and Carman retained a financial interest in the company in 1899, Wolffe." Carman lost all his wealth when Small, Maynard failed in 1903.

Carman has joined another Boston firm, L.C., but not out. The home page was loaded with new content, and it was started to churn out new ones. Between 1902 and 1905, Page published seven books of new Carman poetry. As well, the firm released three books based on Carman's Transcript columns as well as The Making of Personality, a prose book that he'd co-authored with Mrs. King. "Page also aided Carman in rescuing his "dream project," a deluxe edition of his collected poetry to 1903." With the condition that the book be sold anonymously, by subscription, the page obtained distribution rights. The initiative was shelved, and Carman was terribly disappointed and dissatisfied with Page, whose grip on Carman's copyrights would prevent the release of another collected edition during Carman's lifetime.

In 1904, Carman earned some needed cash as editor-in-chief of the 10-volume project The World's Best Poetry.

"Sunshine" in the summer, or in the summer in a cabin near their summer home in the Catskills, Carman lived near the Kings' New Canaan, Connecticut estate, 1908 to 2028. "Moonshine" was a word that was not used in 1908 or "Moonshine." Literary tastes changed between 1908 and 1920, and his fortunes and well-being decreased.

Carman was impoverished and recovering from a near-fatal bout of tuberculosis by 1920. "I returned to Canada this year to begin a new and lucrative reading tour, finding that "there is nothing worth discussing in book sales over reading." "Breathless attention, packed halls, and a strange, deep excitement, as I never imagined could be," he told a friend. 'And good thrifty money,' says the author.

Think of it!

"I am the most surprised person in Canada" has been a whole new life for me. On October 28, 1921, Carman was honored at "a dinner hosted by the newly formed Canadian Authors' Union at the Ritz Carlton Hotel in Montreal, where he was crowned Canada's Poet Laureate with a wreath of maple leaves."

The tours of Canada continued, and by 1925, Carman had acquired a Canadian publisher. "McClelland & Stewart (Toronto) published a series of selected earlier verses and became his main publisher." They benefited from Carman's fame and his revered position in Canadian literature, but no one could convince L.C. The page will reclaim its copyrights. Only after Carman's death, was an edition of collected poetry, thanks in large part to his literary executor, Lorne Pierce's persistence."

Carman was a member of the Halifax literary and social set in the 1920s, the Song Fishermen. He edited The Oxford Book of American Verse in 1927.

Carman died of brain hemorrhage at the age of 68 in New Canaan and was cremated in New Canaan. "It took two months and the popularity of New Brunswick's Premier J.B.M." W.L.M., the Baxter and Canadian Prime Minister, and the British Prime Minister. The king of Carman's ashes will be returned to Fredericton." "His ashes were laid to rest in Forest Hill Cemetery, Fredericton, and a national memorial service was held at the Anglican cathedral." A scarlet maple tree was planted at his gravesite on May 13, 1954, granting his request in his 1892 poem "The Grave-Tree": Twenty-five years later.

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