Temple Grandin

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Mary Temple Grandin (born August 29, 1947) is an American professor of animal behavior, a livestock industry advisor, and an autism specialist.

She was one of the first people on the autism spectrum to share the lessons she learned from her personal experience of autism.

Grandin has authored more than 60 peer-reviewed scientific papers on animal care and is a leading advocate for the humane treatment of livestock for slaughter.

She also invented the "Hug Box" device to soothe people on the autism spectrum.

She was one of the 100 most influential people in the country in the 2010 Time 100, an annual list of the 100 most influential people, among those in the "Heroes" category.

Temple Grandin, an Emmy and Golden Globe-winning semi-biographical film, was her subject.

Early life

Mary Temple Grandin was born in Boston, Massachusetts, to a wealthy family. Since Mary, one of the family's employees, was also named Mary, Grandin was referred to by her middle name, Temple, to avoid confusion.

Anna Eustacia Purves (now Cutler), an actor, singer, and granddaughter of John Coleman Purves (co-inventor of the aviation autopilot). She holds a Bachelor of Arts degree from Harvard University.

Richard McCurdy Grandin, a real estate agent and heir to the country's largest commercial wheat farm industry, Grandin Farms, was her father. When Grandin was 15 years old, her parents divorced, and her mother later married Ben Cutler, a well-known New York saxophonist. In 1993, Grandin's father died in California.

Grandin has three younger siblings: two sisters and a brother. Grandin has described one of her sisters as dyslexic. Her younger sister is an artist, her older sister is a model, and her brother is a banker. John Livingston Grandin (Temple's paternal grandfather) and his brother William James Grandin were French Huguenots who drilled for oil. In a meeting, he intended to cut a deal with John D. Rockefeller, but the latter halted him too long, prompting him to leave early before Rockefeller arrived. When Jay Cooke's company folded, the brothers went into banking, and they received thousands of acres of undeveloped land in North Dakota as debt collateral. They began wheat raising in the Red River Valley and crammeted the workers in dormitories. After John Livingston Grandin, the town of Grandin, North Dakota, was named.

Despite being raised in the Episcopal Church, Temple Grandin began early on with a belief in a personal deity or motive in favour of what she considers a more scientific view.

Grandin was not officially diagnosed with autism until her adulthood. "Brain damage" was the only official diagnosis given to her when she was two, a finding that was eventually dismissed by cerebral imaging at the University of Utah by the time she turned 63 in 2010. Although Grandin was still in her teens, her mother happened upon a autism diagnostic checklist. Grandin's mother hoped that Grandin's signs were best explained by the illness, but it was later determined to be an autistic savant after reviewing the list.

Grandin's mother welcomed her to the Boston Children's Hospital as one of the world's best special needs researchers with the intention of finding a solution to institutionalization. A grandmother's mother was eventually linked to a neurologist who suggested a trial of speech therapy, which was eventually determined by a neurologist. A speech therapist was hired, and Grandin received individualized training from the age of two and a half. Grandin was hired as a child to engage in educational games for hours with her. Grandin started kindergarten at Dedham Country Day School. Grandin's teachers and classmates struggled to create a space that would satisfy his needs and sensitivities.

Grandin says she was fortunate to have mentors from elementary school to college. Nonetheless, Grandin admits that junior high and high school were the most difficult times of her life.

The medical advice at the time for a diagnosis of autism was to advocate institutionalization, which caused a bitter divide of opinion between Grandin's parents. Her father was keen to take this advice, but her mother was notably against it, because it would have likely resulted in her mother's death from seeing her daughter again.

Grandin attended Beaver Country Day School from seventh grade to ninth grade. At the age of 14, she was barred from throwing a book at a schoolmate who had mocked her. Grandin has referred to herself as the "nerdy gang" whom everyone mocked. She has recalled times when she walked down the hallways and her classmates would mock her by saying "tape recorder" because of her habit of repetitive speech. "I could laugh about it now, but it hurts back then."

Grandin's parents divorced last year, the year after her expulsion. Grandin's mother married Ben Cutler, a New York saxophonist, three years later. Grandin spent a summer on Ben Cutler's sister Ann's Arizona ranch, turning it into a formative experience for her forthcoming career choice.

Several reports and sources cited the different names of the schools Grandin attended: Beaver Country Day School or Cherry Falls Girl's School (the latter, according to the latter's book titled Emergence: Labeled Autistic); and Hampshire Country School or Mountain Day School (the latter was not listed by Grandin in the early books). Grandin's mother enrolled her in Rindge, New Hampshire, after her expulsion from Beaver Country Day School. Henry Patey, a Boston child psychologist, was responsible for the students of "extraordinary promise (gifted) who haven't thrived in a traditional environment. She was accepted into the Winter Carnival and as the captain of the hockey team. Grandin met William Carlock, a science teacher who had worked with NASA who was a mentor and assisted her in increasing her self-confidence, while learning about HCS.

When Grandin returned from her aunt's farm in Arizona in her senior year of high school, it was Carlock who prompted her to design her squeeze machine. Grandin built the hug box at the age of 18, with the assistance of Carlock's and school founder Henry Patey. Even after she left Hampshire Country School, Carlock's involvement in Grandin's life continued. As a favor to Henry Patey, the President of the newly founded Franklin Pierce College (5 miles from Hampshire Country School), the Temple is a student at the College who does not have access to the normal High School student's records and files. Carlock, who was chastising Grandin for her hug box at Franklin Pierce College, suggested that Grandin perform scientific experiments to determine the device's effectiveness. Grandin's regular encouragement to her that the rigid obsessions she had with the hug box became a lucrative field that later allowed this report to be widely distributed as proof of Grandin's resourcefulness.

Grandin earned her bachelor's degree in animal science from Arizona State University in 1975, a master's degree in animal science from Arizona State University in 1975, and a doctoral degree in animal science from the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign in 1989.

Personal life

"The portion of other people that has emotional connections is not part of me," Grandin says, and she has never married nor had children. She later stated that she preferred the science fiction, documentary, and thriller genres of films and television shows over more dramatic or romantic ones. Equestrian riding, science fiction, film, and biochemistry are among her research interests beyond animal science and autism rights.

Autism affects every facet of her life, as she has shown in her autobiographical works. Grandin must wear comfortable clothing to combat her sensory processing disorder and has organized her diet to prevent sensory overload. She regularly uses antidepressants, but she no longer uses her squeeze unit, stating in February 2010 that she "broke two years ago" and "I never got around to fixing it." Now that I'm into hugging people."

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Career

Grandin is a well-known and widely cited advocate for the humane treatment of animals for slaughter. She is also known as a global spokesperson for autism.

Temple Grandin helped with years of shame and stigma because she was one of the first adults to publicly admit that she was autistic, according to Steve Silberman's book NeuroTribes. Bernard Rimland, the father of an autistic son and author of the book Infantile Autism, wrote the foreword to Grandin's first book Emergence: labeled Autistic. In 1986, her book was first published. "Temple's ability to convey the reader's deepest thoughts and concerns, as well as her ability to articulate mental processes, will provide the reader with an insight into autism that few others have been able to achieve."

Grandin's second edition of Developing Talent explores many unnoticed aspects of vocational rehabilitation services that provide job training and placement for people with disabilities, as well as Social Security Administration programs that provide vocational assistance.

The neurologist Oliver Sacks wrote at the end of the foreword that the book provided "a bridge between our world and hers" and gave us a glimpse into a different world of consciousness."

Grandin characterized herself as a recovered autistic child in her early writings, and Bernard Rimland's foreword used the term found autistic in his foreword. She has debating this description in her later writings. "It was apparent to her," Steve Silberman wrote, "She was not recovered but she had made a great attempt to adjust to the social norms of the people around her."

Grandin wrote Thinking in Pictures in 1995, believing that all people with autism believed in photographic-specific images the way she did. By the time the expanded version was published in 2006, she had realized that it had been incorrect to expect that every person with autism processed information in the same way she did. She wrote in the 2006 edition that there were three specific types of specialized thought. They were: 1. Visual thinkers, as she is, are drawn to photographically specific images. 2. Music and Math Thinkers – people who believe in patterns and may be experts at mathematics, chess, and programming computers. 3. Verbal Logic Thinkers – who think in terms of words – and she said that their favorite topic may be history.

The idea of three distinct kinds of thinking by autistic people is expanded in one of her later books, The Autistic Brain: Thinking Around the Spectrum. In 2013, this book was first published. Clara Claiborne Park's book Exiting Nirvana: A Daughter of Autism, which was an influential book that inspired her to explore pattern thinking. It was first published in 2001. An extensive review of scientific studies that show that object-visual reasoning is different from spatial-visualization capabilities.

Sullivan writes:

Grandin advocates for early intervention in autism and support teachers, who can facilitate the child with autism's behavior in a positive way. She has referred to her hypersensitivity to noise and other sensory stimuli. She says words are her second language and that she believes in pictures, not images. She uses her extensive visual memory to turn data into a mental slideshow of images that can be altered or correlated. Grandin attributes her success as a humane livestock facility designer to her ability to recall detail, which is a characteristic of her visual memory. Grandin compares her memory to full-length films in her head, although it can be replayed at will, allowing her to note minor details. By changing the lighting and shadow positions, she is also able to view her memories in a slightly different context.

Grandin, a neurodiversity advocate, does not advocate for autism gene therapy or treating mildly autistic people. However, she believes that autistic children who are severely impaired need therapy with applied behavioral analysis. In addition, she has stated that she will only attend talks given by autistics who can't carry out a career.

Grandin hosts a public event at Boston University in March of every year. In March 2020, the festival was postponed due to COVID-19.

In 1980, Grandin published her first two scientific articles on beef cattle behavior during handling: "Livestock Behavior As Related to Handling Facilities Design" in the International Journal of Animal Problems. Vol. 1, pp. "Observations of Cattle Behavior Related to the Engineering of Cattle Handling Facilities" by 33–52, Vol. Applied Animal Ethology, Vol. 58. pp. 6, pp. 1931-31. She was one of the first scientists to discover that animals are sensitive to visual distractions in processing areas such as shadows, dangling chains, and other environmental issues that few people are aware of. She researched the effects of environmental enrichment on pigs when she was awarded a Ph.D. at the University of Illinois. "Effect of Rearing Environment and Environmental Enrichment on Young Pigs" was the subject of her dissertation's title. In her book Animals Make Us Human, Grandin extended her theories.

She edited the first edition of Livestock Handling and Transport in 1993. Grandin authored three chapters and included chapters from authors from around the world. In 2000, 2007, and 2014, subsequent editions of the book were published. Bridgett Voisinet, a graduate student at Colorado State University, conducted one of the first studies that found that cattle that remained calm during handling had greater weight gains. This was a new idea in 1997, when the paper was first published. "Feedlot Cattle with Calm Temperaments have greater daily gains than Cattle with Excitable Temperaments," the journal says. pp. 75. The 892–896 was the largest ever recorded population.

"Assessment of Stress During Handling and Transport," Grandin's "Assessment of Stress," Journal of Animal Science, Vol. 97, Vol. pp. 75, pp. 249-257. This paper suggested that an animal's prior interactions with handling may have an effect on how it will be handled in the future, as a new trend in the animal-handling industry.

During those busy at large beef slaughtering plants, Grandin invented a center track (double rail) conveyor restrainer system for holding cattle. In the mid-1980s, the first calves were born, and a large beef cattle system was introduced in 1990. Many large meat processors are now using this equipment. It is described in "Double Rail Restrainer Conveyor Convenience for Livestock Handling," the first issue of the Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, Vol. 78. 4 pages. pp. In 1988, 327–338, and "Transferring findings of behavioral research to industry to improve animal welfare on the farm, ranch, and slaughter plant." Applied Animal Behavior Science, Vol. 327: 338: "Transferring findings of behavioral studies to industry will help improve animal welfare on the farm, ranch, and slaughter plant" pp. 8, p. 8. Published in 2003, 215–228, and 2003.

Achieving animal welfare at slaughtering plants was also developed by Grandin. This scoring system resulted in significant improvements in animal appearance and handling during slaughter. "Objective scoring of animal handling and display practices in slaughter plants" is the subject of this study. The American Veterinary Medical Association (Vol. 107). 212, pp. "The possibility of using vocalization scoring as a predictor of poor health during slaughter" is discussed in the journal Applied Animal Behavior Science, Vol. 3.39. 56, pp. "Effect of animal welfare audits of slaughter plants by a large fast food company on cattle handling and stunning procedures," the American Veterinary Medical Association, Vol. 121-127. 216, pp. 848–851.

Grandin released Humane Livestock Handling in 2008, with contributions by Mark Deesing, a longtime collaborator with her. The book includes a summary of the main aspects of cattle behavior as well as a graphical guide to the implementation of Grandin's concepts regarding humane livestock handling. Several of her books' contributions to the field of handling animals and the design of livestock handling systems promoted in her books are also available on her website.

Grandin is the author or co-author of more than 60 peer-reviewed scientific papers on a variety of animal behavior topics. The effects of hair whorl's position on cattle are also relevant, including the effects of obesity, societal control, breast milk shedding, and causes of bruising were all present in this study.

Grandin has spoken out extensively about her firsthand experiences of being concerned by all in her environment, as well as being dismissed and afraid, which motivates her work in humane livestock handling techniques. She researched cattle's behavior, including how they react to ranchers, movements, objects, and sunlight. Grandin also created curved corrals with the intention of reducing anxiety, anxiety, and pain in animals that resulted in slaughter. This has been a further point of criticism and controversy among animal activists who have questioned the congruence of a career in animal cruelty alongside Grandin's claims of compassion and admiration for animals. Although her designs are widely used in the slaughterhouse industry, her argument for the animals is that because of her autism, she can see the animals' true colors, that when she holds an animal's head in her hands as it is slaughtered.

The enhancement of requirements for slaughterhouses and livestock raisings is encouraged by her company website.

Grandin received a People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (Men) award in 2004.

"Animals Are Not Things," one of her best essays on animal welfare, in which she argues that technically, animals are property in society, but that the legislation ultimately gives them ethical rights or rights. She compares the advantages and disadvantages of owning cows versus screwdrivers, enumerating how both can be used for human purposes in various ways, but not terribly torture an animal.

Her research into cattle's minds has taught her how to identify which animals are particularly sensitive and able to create thoughtful and humane animal-handling equipment. In 2009, she was named a fellow of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers.

Grandin spoke out in favour of the food product in 2012, when the American beef industry was struggling with public knowledge of its use and selling of pink slime. "It should be on the market," she said. It should be identified. We shouldn't be throwing away that much beef."

Philosophers interested in animal rights have piqued curiosity. Grandin's work has piqued philosophers' interest in the morality of animals. According to one of the academic literature, Grandin's method of slaughter is a major improvement for animals, but her attempts to develop a moral defense of meat-eating have been less fruitful.

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