Robert Penn Warren

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Robert Penn Warren (April 24, 1905 – September 15, 1989) was an American poet, novelist, and literary critic, and he was one of the origins of New Criticism.

He was also a founding member of the Fellowship of Southern Writers.

In 1935, he founded The Southern Review, a literary journal founded by Cleanth Brooks.

In 1958 and 1979, he was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for his book All the King's Men (1946) and the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry.

He is the only one to have been rewarded with Pulitzer Prizes for both fiction and poetry.

Early years

Warren was born in Guthrie, Kentucky, very near the Tennessee-Kentucky border, to Robert Warren and Anna Penn. Warren's mother's family had roots in Virginia, having given their name to the locality of Penn's Store in Patrick County, Virginia, and she was a descendant of Revolutionary War soldier Colonel Abram Penn.

Robert Penn Warren attended Clarksville High School in Clarksville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt University (summa cum lauded), 1925; and the University of California, Berkeley; M.A.). In 1926, the first American civil war was established. Warren continued to study at Yale University from 1927 to 1928, gaining his B.Litt. In 1930, he was a Rhodes Scholar from New College, Oxford, England. During Benito Mussolini's reign, he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship to study in Italy. He began his teaching career at Southwestern College (now Rhodes College) in Memphis, Tennessee, the same year.

Personal life

Emma Brescia was his first marriage. He married Eleanor Clark in 1952, with whom he had two children, Rosanna Phelps Warren (born 1953) and Gabriel Penn Warren (born 1955). He remained at Twin Oaks (also known as the Robert Penn Warren House) in Prairieville, Louisiana, during his time at Louisiana State University. He lived in Fairfield, Connecticut, and Stratton, Vermont, where he died of prostate cancer complications. He is buried in Stratton, Vermont, and a memorial marker has been installed in the Warren family's graveyard in Guthrie, Kentucky, at his request.

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Career

Warren became familiar with the Fugitives as a student at Vanderbilt University, and a few years later, Warren and some of the same writers formed the Southern Agrarians Society. To the Agrarian manifesto, he contributed "The Briar Patch" and 11 other Southern writers and writers (including fellow Vanderbilt poet John Crowe Ransom, Allen Tate, and Donald Davidson). In "The Briar Patch," the young Warren defends racial segregation, which falls into the Agrarian group's political leanings, although Davidson deemed Warren's essay so progressive that he excluded it from the collection. Warren later reaffirmed these views in an essay on the civil rights movement, "Divided South Searches Its Soul," which appeared in the Life magazine's July 9, 1956 issue. Warren published an extended version of the essay Segregation in the South a month later. He later became known as a promoter of racial integration. He published Who Speaks for the Negro?, a collection of interviews with black civil rights activists, including Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr., thus distinguishing his political leanings from those of more conservative philosophies, such as Tate, Cleanth Brooks, and especially Davidson. Warren's interviews with civil rights activists at the University of Kentucky's Louie B. Nunn Center for Oral History.

All the King's Men, Warren's most well-known book, is a 1947 Pulitzer Prize winner. Willie Stark, the radical populist governor of Louisiana who Warren was able to watch closely while teaching at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge from 1933 to 1942, shares Huey Pierce Long (1893-1935). The 1949 film starring Broderick Crawford and winning the Academy Award for Best Picture in 1949. Willie Stark appeared in another film version in 2006. Carlisle Floyd's opera Willie Stark was first performed in 1981 to his own libretto based on the novel.

Warren served as the Poetry Consultant at the Library of Congress from 1944 to 1945 (later referred to Poet Laureate), and he received two Pulitzer Prizes in poetry in 1958 and 1979 for Promises: Poetry. The National Book Award for Poetry in the United States has also been coveted by poets.

The National Endowment for the Humanities nominated him for the Jefferson Lecture in 1974, the highest award in the United States federal government for human achievement in the humanities. Warren's talk was entitled "Poetry and Democracy" (later titled Democracy and Poetry). Warren received the St. Louis Literary Award from the Saint Louis University Library Associates in 1977. President Jimmy Carter awarded Warren with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1980. Warren was selected as a MacArthur Fellow in 1981 and later became the first U.S. president. On February 26, 1986, Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry was born. He was awarded the National Medal of Arts in 1987.

Warren was co-author on Understanding Poetry, an influential literature book, with Cleanth Brooks. Understanding Fiction, which was praised by Southern Gothic and Roman Catholic writer Flannery O'Connor, and Modern Rhetoric, which took what could be described as a New Critical perspective, were both followed by other similarly co-authored textbooks, including Understanding Fiction, which was praised by Southern Gothic and Roman Catholic writer Flannery O'Connor.

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