Raphael

At 37 years old, Raphael physical status not available right now. We will update Raphael's height, weight, eye color, hair color, build, and measurements.

Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino, better known as Raphael (USA: or : ; March 28 or April 6, 1520), was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is lauded for its simplicity of form, ease of assembly, and visual representation of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur. He develops the traditional trinity of great masters of the period, together with Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo.

Raphael was incredibly successful, owing to his early death at 37, a large body of work was left unfinished. His career falls naturally into three phases and three styles, first described by Giorgio Vasari: his early years in Umbria, followed by a period of about four years (1504–1508) in Rome, where he spent 12 years as a student of two popes and their close associates. Many of his drawings can be found in Vatican Palace, where the frescoed Raphael Rooms were the central, and the largest, work of his career. The School of Athens in the Vatican Stanza della Segnatura is the best known work. A large portion of his work was produced by his design in Rome during his early years, with severe quality loss. He was renowned in his lifetime, but outside of Rome, his work was mostly known for his collaborative printmaking.

The influence of his great rival Michelangelo's reign in the 18th and 19th centuries, when Raphael's more graceful and harmonious features were once more popular. Thanks to Johann Joachim Winckelmann's influence on Neoclassical painting, his work would later be specifically and vehemently condemned by organisations such as the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood.

His father, a court painter, was the head painter of Urbino's tiny but wealthy city. Raphael died when Raphael was eleven years old, and Raphael seems to have been instrumental in the family workshop from this point. He studied in Perugino's workshop and was described as a fully qualified "master" by 1500. He worked in or for many towns in north Italy until the pope's invitation in 1508 to Rome to work on the Vatican Palace. He was given a string of important commissions here and elsewhere in the city and began to practice as an architect. At his death in 1520, he was still at the peak of his powers at his death.

Early life and work

Màgia, Raphael's mother, died in 1491 when he was eight years old, and his father, who had already remarried, was on August 1, 1494. Raphael was orphaned at eleven years old, and his formal guardian became his only paternal uncle Bartolomeo, a priest who later became involved in litigation with his stepmother. He probably continued to live with his stepmother when not being an apprentice with a master. According to Vasari, Raphael had already demonstrated promise, and he had been "a tremendous help to his father." His precocity is shown by a self-portrait drawing from his teenage years. His father's workshop grew, and Raphael, perhaps alongside his stepmother, was involved in its care from an early age. He came into contact with Paolo Uccello, previously the court painter (d. 1475), and Luca Signorelli, who was stationed in Urbino, who until 1498 was based in Città di Castello.

"Despite his mother's tears," Vasari said, his father took him into the workshop of Umbrian master Pietro Perugino as an apprentice. The proof of an apprenticeship appears only from Vasari and another source, and it has been disputed; eight years ago for an apprenticeship to begin. According to an alternate explanation, he obtained at least some instruction from Timoteo Viti, who served as a court painter in Urbino from 1495. According to Wölfflin, the majority of modern historians agree that Raphael served as an assistant to Perugino from around 1500; Perugino's influence on Raphael's early work is strong: "Probably no other pupil of genius took in so much of his master's instruction as Raphael did." At this time, Vasari wrote that distinguishing their hands were impossible, but many modern art historians believe to do better and discern his hand in particular areas of Perugino's or workshop work. Apart from stylistically closeness, their methods are very similar, for example, having paint applied thickly, using an oil varnish medium, in shadows and darker clothing, but not so much on flesh areas. An excess of resin in the varnish can often result in cracking of areas of paint in both masters' works. Both Perugia and Florence were operating, with some even having two permanent branches. In December 1500, Raphael was described as a "master," implying that they had been fully prepared.

In Città di Castello, a town halfway between Perugia and Urbino, Baronci's first documented work was the Baronci altarpiece for the church of Saint Nicholas of Tolentino. Evangelista da Pian di Meleto, who had worked for his father, was also included in the commission. It was ordered in 1500 and completed in 1501; now only some cut sections and a preparatory drawing remain; He created paintings for other cathedrals in the area, including the Mond Crucifixion (about 1503) and the Brera Wedding of the Virgin (1504), as well as Perugia, such as the Oddi Altarpiece. He has almost certainly visited Florence during this period. These are large works, some in fresco, where Raphael confidently marshals his compositions in Perugino's somewhat static style. In those years, he made several small and exquisite cabinet paintings, mostly for the connoisseurs in Urbino's court, like the Three Graces and St. Michael, and he began to paint Madonnas and portraits. He came to Siena in 1502 at the request of another Perugino pupil, "knowing him to be a draughtsman of the highest calibre" to help with the cartoons and, presumably the layouts for a fresco series in the Piccolomini Library in Siena Cathedral. And at this early stage in his career, he was clearly still in high demand.

Private life and death

Raphael lived in the Palazzo Caprini, lying on the corner between Piazza Scossavalli and Alessandrina in Borgo, in a rather grand style in a palace built by Bramante from 1517 to his death in a palace built by Bramante. He never married, but Maria Bibbiena's niece, in 1514, seems to have been invited to this by his friend, the cardinal, and his lack of enthusiasm appears to have been demonstrated by the fact that the marriage didn't take place before she died in 1520. He is said to have had many affairs, but "La Fornarina" Margherita Luti, the daughter of a baker (fornaro), was a permanent fixture in his Rome life, and he was born in Siena's Via del Governo Vecchio. He was made a "Groom of the Chamber" of the Pope, giving him privileges in court and additional income, as well as a Knight of the Papal Order of the Golden Spur. According to Vasari, he had toyed with the aspiration of becoming a cardinal, although Leo's words may have aided him in arranging his marriage.

Raphael died on Good Friday (April 6, 1520), which was possibly his 37th birthday. Raphael was born on a Good Friday, which in 1483 fell on March 28, and the artist died of exhaustion despite continuing romantic passions when he was living on the Loggia, according to Vasari. Later historians and researchers have suggested a combination of an infectious disease and bloodletting, among other causes. Raphael was able to confess to his sins, obtain the last rites, and keep his life in order in his acute illness, which lasted fifteen days. He dictated his will, leaving the majority of his studio contents to Giulio Romano and Penni, in which he left ample funds for his mistress's care. Raphael was buried in the Pantheon on his orders.

Raphael's funeral was a hit with huge audiences. Four cardinals dressed in purple carried his body, the hand of which had been kissed by the Pope, according to a Paris de Grassis journal. "Here lies the inscription in Raphael's marble sarcophagus, a Pietro Bembo elegiac distich written by Pietro Bembo."

Source