Ramon Magsaysay

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Ramon del Fierro Magsaysay (August 31, 1907-March 17, 1957) was a Filipino statesman who served as the country's seventh president from December 30, 1953 to his death in an aircraft accident.

Magsaysay, a mechanical engineer by trade, was elected military governor of Zambales after his outstanding work as a guerilla leader during the Pacific War.

He served two terms as the Liberal Party congressman for Zambales before being named Secretary of National Defense by President Elpidio Quirino.

He was elected president under the Nacionalist Party's banner. He was the first Filipino president born during the 20th century and the first to be born after the Spanish colonial period.

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Career during World War II

He joined the 31st Infantry Division of the Philippine Army at the outbreak of World War II.

Magsaysay escaped to the hills after Bataan surrendered in 1942, barely escaping Japanese arrest on at least four occasions. He commanded the Western Luzon Guerrilla Forces and was commissioned captain on April 5, 1942. Magsaysaysay was an infant under Col. Merrill's renown guerrilla group in Sawang, San Marcelino, Zambales, first as a supply officer coded Chow and later as commander of a 10,000-strong force.

Magsaysay was one of those who helped clear the Zambales coast of the Japanese before the landing of American forces alongside the Filipino Commonwealth troops on January 29, 1945.

On June 16, 1933, he married Luz Rosaro Banzon, and they had three children: Teresita (1934-1979), Milagros (b. Ramon Jr. and 1937 (b. ). 1938 (?)

Other Relatives

Several of Magsaysay's relatives became well-known public figures in their own right: Several of Magsaysay's relatives became well-known public figures in their own right:

Magsaysay was elected under the Liberal Party in April 22, 1946, encouraged by his fellow ex-guerrillas, and on April 22, 1946. President Manuel Roxas chose Magsaysay to serve as Chairman of the Committee on Guerrilla Affairs in 1948, ensuring the Rogers Veterans Bill was passed into Washington, D.C., which would give national service to Philippine veterans. He was re-elected to a second term in the House of Representatives in a so-called "dirty election" of 1949. He served as Chairman of the House National Defense Committee during both terms.

He began to fight the Communist guerrillas in early August 1950, utilizing his own experiences in guerrilla warfare during World War II. Quirino learned there was no alternative and appointed Magsaysay Defense Secretary of National Defense in September 1950 after some trembling. He stepped up his resistance against the Hukbalahap guerrillas. Colonel Edward Lansdale, a veteran media specialist and CIA agent, was credited with this success in part. The two deployed soldiers who were distributing relief products and other forms of assistance to impoverished, provincial populations during the resistance. Rural people in the Philippines perceived the Armed Corps with apathy and mistrust before Magsaysay's appointment as Defense Secretary. Magsaysay's term in addition to improving the Army's reputation, earning them respect and admiration.

Magsaysaysay returned from a goodwill tour to the United States and Mexico in June 1952. He travelled to Washington, D.C. (with a medical check-up at Walter Reed Hospital) and Mexico City, where he spoke at the Annual Convention of Lions International.

President Quirino believed the Huks were under surveillance, but Secretary Magsaysay that was no longer relevant. Magsaysay was plagued and coerced by the President and his consultants, who were concerned that they would be disqualified in the upcoming presidential election. Despite the fact that Magsaysay had no intention to run at the time, he was encouraged by many factions and was finally convinced that the only way to keep fighting communism alive was to elect president, overthrowrowning the corrupt government that, in his opinion, aided the rise of the communist rebels from poor administration. On February 28, 1953, he resigned as defense secretary and became the Nacionalista Party's presidential candidate, contesting Senator Camilo Osas' nomination at the Nacionalista national convention.

When news broke, Magsay revealed that Moises Padilla, his political aide, was being tortured by provincial governor Rafael Lacson's men, but he was late. He was later informed that Padilla's body was drenched in blood, pierced by fourteen bullets, and that he was stationed on a police bench in the town plaza. Magsaysaysay himself carried Padilla's body with his bare hands and delivered it to the morgue, and the next day, news clips featured him doing so. Magsaysay also used this occasion during his presidential campaign in 1953.

Lacson's trial began in January 1952; Magsaysay and his men had enough evidence to convict Lacson and his 26 guys for murder. Judge Eduardo Enrquez sentenced the men to prison, while Lacson, his 22 men, and three other Negros Occidental mayors were sentenced to the electric chair in August 1954.

Magsaysay was also the general manager of the Manila Railway Company from October to December 1951. Since stepping into presidency, his tenure drove him to modernize the rail operator's fleet. He also took the first steps in constructing the Cagayan Valley Railroad Extension project, which has been shelved.

In the Philippines, presidential elections were held on November 10, 1953. According to former Defense Secretary Magsaysay, incumbent President Elpidio Quirino lost his chances for a second full term as President of the Philippines. Senator José Yulo, his running mate, lost to Senator Carlos P. Garca. Vice President Fernando López did not run for re-election. This was the first time an elected Philippine President did not appear from the Senate. In addition, Magsaysay began performing "campaign jingles" in the Philippines during elections, as one of his interests and passions was dancing.

The Central Intelligence Agency, the US Government, wielded a major role in the 1953 election, and candidates in the election fought fiercely for U.S. funding.

Magsaysay was decisively elected president over incumbent Elpidio Quirino in the 1952 election. He was sworn into office wearing the Barong Tagalog, the first by a Philippine President. He was then named "Mambo Magsaysaysay" and "Mambo Magsaysay" in the story.

During the Cold War, he was a close friend and supporter of the US as President and a vocal critic of communism. He was instrumental in the establishment of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, also known as the Manila Pact of 1954, which set out to destabilize communist-Marxist movements in Southeast Asia, South Asia, and the Southeast Pacific.

During his reign, he made Malacaang literally a "house of the people," opening its doors to the public. President Magsaysay wondered what the operating charges per hour were for that type of aircraft, then wrote a personal check to the PAF, covering the cost of his flight. That was an example of his character (PAF). He restored confidence in the military and in the government.

President Magsaysay emphasized service to the people by bringing the government closer to the former.

On the inauguration day, President Magsaysay ordered that the gates of Malaca's Palace be opened to the public, who were allowed to freely tour all parts of the Palace complex. Later, it was added to encourage weekly visits.

He established the Presidential Complaints and Action Committee in honor of his electoral promise. This body was quick to hear pleadings and make recommendations for remedial action. This committee, headed by soft-spoken, but vivacious and tenacious Manuel Manahan, will hear nearly 60,000 complaints in a year, of which more than 30,000 will be settled by direct action, and less than 25,000 will be referred to government departments for appropriate follow-up. This new group, made up of young people and all loyal to the President, was a big moral booster in restoring people's confidence in their own government. In 1953, he named Zotico "Tex" Paderanga Carrillo as the PCAC Chief for Mindanao and Sulu. He became a close friend of the president because of his charisma to the common people of Mindanao.

Zotico, a local journalist and an acclaimed writer from a wealthy family on Camiguin (then sub-province of Misamis Oriental), became a depository of complaints and an eye on the president in the region, assisting the government, moro and the rebels in finding the truth in every city and municipality. With his zero graft policy, he recognized Zotico's contribution to his compadre when Zotico named his fifth child after the President was elected in 1953, even making the President godfather to the child. Magsaysay went to Mindanao several times as a result of his friendship, becoming the first President to visit Camiguin, where he was welcomed by thousands of people waiting for his arrival.

President Magsaysay was responsible for the establishment of the National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA), helping to expand and stabilize the functions of the Economic Development Corps (EDCOR). This body took over from the EDCOR and assisted in the transfer of sixty-five thousand acres to three thousand indigent families for settlement purposes. Another twenty-five thousand were granted to a little more than a thousand five hundred landless families, who later became farmers.

The president created the Agricultural Credit and Cooperative Financing Administration (ACCFA) to benefit the rural people. The intention was for this entity to provide rural credit to borrowers. It did give, but it did not give over almost ten million dollars, according to the data. The cooperative marketing function of this administration body was the next in focus for this group.

President Magsaysay started an all serious effort to support the rural areas in this vein. The Liberty Wells Association, a group movement, was established and raised a significant sum for the construction of as many artesian wells as possible in a record time. The same's socioeconomic value could not be gained, and the people were obedient in their gratitude.

Eventually, vast irrigation projects, as well as improvements of the Ambuklao Power plant and other related ones, all contributed to the realization of President Magsaysay's rural improvement plan.

President Magsaysay introduced the following laws as part of his Agrarian Reform Initiative:

Benigno Aquino Jr. was appointed by President Magsaysay to act as his personal emissary to Luis Taruc, the leader of the opposition group Hukbalahap in early 1954. Lt. Laureo Maraa, the former head of Force X of the 16th PC Company, assumed command of the 7th BCT, which had been one of the Philippines' most mobile assault forces against the Huks, including Colonel Valeriano. Force X used psychological warfare to combat intelligence and infiltration that relied on secrecy in planning, preparation, and execution of an attack. In the 7th BCT, the lessons learned from Force X and Nenita were combined.

They were less than 2,000 by 1954, and without the protection and assistance of local supporters, a surviving Huk rebellion no longer poses a significant threat to Philippine stability. "Operation Thunder-Lightning," the most significant anti-Huk operation, from February to mid-September 1954, resulted in Taruc's capture on May 17. The remaining guerrillas survived throughout 1955, reducing their number to less than 1,000 by year's end.

President Magsaysay's administration was instrumental in the resistance against communism's spread in Asia. During the "Manila Conference" in Manila, he made the Philippines a member of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), which was established in Manila on September 8, 1954. Members of SEATO were alarmed over North Vietnam's likely victory over South Vietnam, which may have spread communist ideology to other regions in the region. According to the domino theory, the possibility that a communist state could influence or coerce other nations to adopt the same model of government is a possibility.

The Reparation Agreement was a result of the active coordination between the Magsaysay administration and the Japanese government. This was a deal between the two countries that obliged the Japanese government to pay $550 million as compensation for war crimes against the Philippines.

The Philippine government took action to broach the establishment of a Joint Defense Council with the presence of US Secretary John Foster Dulles in Manila for the SEATO Conference. Vice President Carlos P. Garcia and Secretary of Foreign Affairs Carlos P. Garcia held the opportune talks with Secretary Dulles for this purpose. Following the conclusion of the Manila Conference, an agreement was reached thereon, and the first meeting of the Joint United States-Philippines Defense Council was held in Manila. The Mutual Defense Pact between the Philippines and the US had therefore been established.

The Magsaysay administration negotiated the Laurel-Langley Agreement, which was a trade agreement between the Philippines and the US that was signed in 1955 and expired in 1974. Despite being incomplete, the final deal satisfied virtually all of the country's diverse economic needs. Although some people mistook the Laurel-Langley deal for a continuation of the 1946 trade deal, Philippine President Jose P. Laurel and other Philippine politicians understood that the deal substantially gave the country greater freedom to industrialize while still having exclusive access to US markets.

The deal reversed the controversial Bell Trade Act, which tied the Philippines' economy to that of the United States.

The Asian-African Conference, which was organized as an all-Oriental meeting to promote Afro-Asian economic and cultural cooperation, and resistance to imperialism or neocolonialism in the Cold War, or other imperialistic countries, was held in Bandung, Java, 1985, upon invitation extended by the Prime Ministers of India, Pakistan, Burma, Ceylon, and Indonesia. The Bandung Conference is also known as the Bandung Summit. However, the Magsaysay government was reluctant to send any delegation at first. Later, on advice from Ambassador Carlos P. Rómulo, it was decided that the Philippines would attend the conference. Rómulo was entrusted to lead the Philippine delegation. Early signs appeared to the fact that the conference would promote neutralism as the third position in the largely bitter cold war between the capitalist bloc and the communist bloc. However, John Kotelawala, Ceylon's Prime Minister, broke the ice against neutralism. He was greeted immediately by Rómulo, who has categorically stated that his delegation believed that "a puppet is a puppet," whether under a Western Power or an Oriental republic.

India Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru vehemently condemned the SEATO at one point in the course of the conference. Ambassador Rómulo delivered a stinging, eloquent reply, causing Prime Minister Nehru to publicly apologize to the Philippine delegation, prompting Prime Minister Nehru.

According to records, the Philippine delegation acted effectively for the country's interests, and in the final analysis, the Bandung Conference was a success against the country's socialist and liberal delegates' plans.

Following Ambassador Rómulo's call to the Philippines after signing the Japanese Peace Treaty in San Francisco on September 8, 1951, the Philippine government and the Republic of Japan began many years of talks. President Magsaysay sent a Philippine Reparations Survey Committee, headed by Finance Secretary Jaime Hernandez, to Japan for a "on the spot" analysis of the country's options in the face of adamant assertions by the Japanese government that it was unable to satisfy the request for eight billion dollars by the way of reparations.

Ambassador Felino Neri, the chief negotiator, went to Tokyo when the committee reported that Japan was in a position to pay. Ambassador Neri signed a compromise deal with Japanese Minister Takazaki on May 31, 1955, the main terms of which were set out in the following: The Japanese government will spend eight hundred million dollars as reparations. Payment was expected to be made in this way: Twenty million dollars will be paid in cash in Philippine currency; thirty million dollars in services; five million dollars, in capital goods; and two hundred and fifty million dollars in long-term industrial loans.

President Magsaysay informed the Japanese government that the Philippines had accepted the Neri-Takazaki deal on August 12, 1955, through Prime Minister Ichiro Hatoyama. Given the country's political turmoil, the Japanese Prime Minister would only inform the Philippine government of the signing of the Japanese treaty on March 15, 1956. The formal Reparations deal between the two governments was signed at Malaca Palace on May 9, 1956, bringing the long-running controversy between the two countries to a close.

Magsaysay's term, which was set to finish on December 30, 1957, was cut short by a plane crash. Magsaysaysay left Manila for Cebu City, where he worked at three educational institutions. He boarded the presidential plane "Mt." around 1 a.m. that night. Pinatubo, a C-47, is returning to Manila for the first time. The plane was reported missing in the early morning hours of March 17. Newspapers had announced that the plane had crashed on Mt. by late afternoon. Manunggal was killed on board Cebu, and 36 of the 56 crew members were killed. Magsaysay was among the 25 people on board, with Magsaysay reporting. Nestor Mata, the only newspaperman, survived. Vice President Carlos Garca, who was on a business trip to Australia at the time, has returned to Manila and acceded to the presidency to serve out the remainder of Magsaysay's term.

On March 22, 1957, over 2 million people attended Magsaysay's state funeral. He was also referred to as the "Champion of the Masses" and "Defender of Democracy" in the posthumously.

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