Ralph Nader

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Ralph Nader (born February 27, 1934) is an American political activist, author, lecturer, and advocate known for his work in consumer protection, environmentalism, and government reform causes.

Nader, the son of Lebanese immigrants to the United States, was educated at Princeton and Harvard, and his debut in 1965, when the bestselling book Unsafe at Any Speed, a highly influential critique of American automobile manufacturer safety record, came to prominence.

Following the publication of Unsafe at Any Speed, Nader led a group of volunteer law students — dubbed "Nader's Raiders" — into the Federal Trade Commission's investigation, which culminated in the Federal Trade Commission's reform and reform.

Nader's rising fame in the 1970s inspired a number of advocacy and watchdog organisations, including the Public Interest Research Group, the Center for Auto Safety, and Public Citizen.

The Chevy Corvair and the Ford Pinto were two of Nader's most notable pieces of American consumer protection law, including the Clean Water Act, the Freedom of Information Act, the Consumer Protection Act, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the Whistleblower Protection Act, and the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act.

He has been consistently ranked on lists of the "100 Most Influential Americans" by Life, Time, and The Atlantic. On several occasions, he ran for President of the United States as an independent and third party candidate, highlighting undocumented issues and the need for electoral reform.

Nader's candidacy in 2000 sparked controversy, with several studies indicating that his candidacy aided Republican George W. Bush in defeating Al Gore in a close election.

Nader had claimed that he preferred Bush over Gore during the 2006 Sundance Film Festival, but Nader later stated that the argument was not meant to suggest that Bush was a better choice than Gore.

Early life

Ralph Nader was born in Winsted, Connecticut, on February 27, 1934, to Rose (née Bouziane) and Nathra Nader, both of whom were refugees from Lebanon. Nathra Nader worked in a textile mill before opening a bakery and restaurant in Connecticut. Ralph Nader served at his father's restaurant occasionally as well as for the local newspaper, the Winsted Register Citizen. Nader graduated from The Gilbert School in 1951 and went on to Princeton University. Though he was given a scholarship to Princeton, his father coerced him to decline it on the grounds that the family was able to pay Nader's tuition, and the money should go to a student who was unable to afford it. After completing a senior thesis entitled "Lebanese Agriculture," Nader graduated magna cum lauded and Phi Beta Kappa with a Bachelor of Arts from the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs in 1955.

Nader, a Princeton graduate, began studying at Harvard Law School, but he soon became dissatisfied with his classes. While at Harvard, Nader would often miss classes to hitchhike around the United States, where he will participate in field studies on Native American issues and migrant worker rights. He received his LL.B. In 1958, Harvard was defunct. In his youth, Nader identifies with libertarian philosophy, but he gradually moved away in his early 20s. Despite Nader's declaration that he "didn't like public housing because it disadvantageed landlords unfairly," his perception changed when he "saw the slums and what landlords did." After graduating from Harvard, Nader served in the United States Army as a cook and was posted to Fort Dix.

Personal life

Nader was born in the Maronite Catholic Church. Laura (a professor of socioeconomic and cultural anthropology at the University of Chicago) is his brother. Claire Barrett of Berkeley and Shafeek's late brother Shafeek.

Nader's ideology does not differ from left or right-wing, but rather as a "moral empiricist."

He has lived in Washington, D.C. since the 1960s, but he is based in Connecticut, where he has been licensed to vote.

Nader also speaks Spanish, Russian, Portuguese, Chinese, and Chinese, as well as conversational Arabic in addition to English.

After his older brother Shafeek died of prostate cancer in 1986, Nader created Bell's palsy, which paralyzed the left side of his mouth for several months. During this time, he delivered a partial facial paralysis to audiences, including the remark that "at least my adversary won't say I'm talking from both directions of my mouth."

Samya Stumo, Nader's grandniece, was one of 157 people injured in the crash of Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 in March 2019.

Nader has been described as a "ascetic... bordering on self-righteous." Despite having access to respectable financial resources, he lives in a modest apartment and spends $25,000 on personal bills, the bulk of his writing was done on a typewriter. He does not own a television, relies mostly on public transportation, and, over a 25-year period, only wore one of a dozen pairs of shoes he had purchased at a clearance auction in 1959, according to common accounts of his personal life. His suits, which he claims he buys at supermarket and outlet stores, have been repeatedly scrutinized by the public, who have been characterized as "wrinkled," "rumpled," and "styleless." Nader was once described in a newspaper article as a "conscient objector to fashion."

Nader has never married. Karen Croft, a writer who worked with Nader in the late 1970s at the Center for Responsive Law, once asked him if he had ever considered marriage, to which he reportedly replied that he preferred to dedicate his life to work rather than family.

According to the mandatory financial disclosure report that Nader filed with the Federal Election Commission in 2000, he owned more than $3 million in stocks and mutual fund interests; his single largest investment was more than $1 million in Cisco Systems, Inc. In addition, he held between $100,000 and $250,000 in the Magellan Fund. In 2000, Nader said he owned no automobile and never owned no real estate and lived on $25,000 a year, and that the bulk of his income was distributed to many of the over four dozen non-profit organizations he had founded.

Nader owns Amazon shares and believes that the company should be paid shareholders a dividend. He also believes that there should be an "antitrust probe" looking at the company's company's company practices.

Nader is also a shareholder of Apple Inc. He wrote an open letter to Tim Cook in 2018 condemning Apple's $100 billion share buyback.

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Career

In 1959, Nader was admitted to the bar and began practicing as a lawyer in Hartford, Connecticut, while still attending the University of Hartford and traveling to the Soviet Union, Chile, and Cuba, where he filed dispatches for the Christian Science Monitor and The Nation. He moved from Washington, D.C., to Assistant Secretary of Labor Daniel Patrick Moynihan in 1964.

With the publication of his journalistic book Unsafe at Any Speed in 1965, Nader was first introduced to the national spotlight. Although he had previously expressed an interest in auto safety, Unsafe at Any Speed, a law student, delivered a critical critique of the industry, claiming that many American automobiles were actually unsafe to operate. Nader gathered court files from more than 100 lawsuits pending against GM's Chevrolet Corvair to back up his allegations.

The book became a hit at home, but it sparked a fierce reaction from GM (GM) who tried to discredit Nader by tapping his phone in an attempt to gain salacious information and, if that didn't work, recruiting prostitutes in an attempt to lure him into a dangerous situation. Nader, who then worked as an unpaid consultant to Senator Abe Ribicoff of the United States, told the senator that he suspects he was being tracked. Ribicoff arranged an investigation into GM CEO James Roche, who revealed, after being placed under oath, that the company had employed a private detective firm to prosecute Nader. Nader sued GM for privacy invasion, settling the lawsuit for $425,000 and establishing the Center for the Study of Responsive Law, which is part of an advocacy group.

Congress passed the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act last year, a year after the publication of Unsafe at Any Speed. The passage of the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act was due to one individual's "crusading spirit: Ralph Nader," the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives John William McCormack said.

The Federal Trade Commission's effectiveness and operation were evaluated by Nader in 1968. The Washington press corps' "Nader's Raiders" dubbed "Nader's Raiders" by the Washington press corps. The group's ensuing report, which sluggishly characterized the body as "inefficient" and "passive," led to an FBI Bar Association probe into the FTC. Richard Nixon revived the department and sent it on a collision course and antitrust enforcement for the remainder of the 1970s, based on the findings of that second study.

Following the publication of the study, Nader formed Public Citizen in 1971 to engage in public interest lobbying and advocacy on consumer rights issues. He served on the board of directors of the corporation until 1980.

Nader had established himself as a household name by the 1970s. Powell wrote a critical memo for companies that Nader "has become a hero in his own time and an idol of millions of Americans" in a critical memo written by Lewis Powell to the US Chamber of Commerce.

Ralph Nader's name appeared in the media for the first time in 1971, when he was offered the opportunity to run as the party's presidential nominee, a democratic split-off from the Democratic Party. Gore Vidal, the author who referred to a 1972 Nader presidential bid in a front-page article in Esquire magazine in 1971, was chief among his supporters. The advances were stifled by Nader.

Ralph Nader was the counsel in the case against acting attorney general Robert Bork, who was under President Richard Nixon's orders, had fired special prosecutor Archibald Cox in the so-called Saturday Night Massacre, which was later found unlawful by federal judge Gerhard Gesell.

In 1974, he was awarded the S. Roger Horchow Award for the Best Public Service by a Private Citizen.

Nader, a 1970s environmental campaigner, shifted his attention to environmental activism, becoming a central figure in the antinuclear power movement, according to one observer, who was dubbed the "titular head of resistance to nuclear energy." The Critical Mass Energy Project was established by Nader in 1974 as a national anti-nuclear umbrella group, and it has since grown to become the country's biggest national anti-nuclear organization, with hundreds of local affiliates and an estimated 200,000 supporters. The organization's main efforts were targeted at lobbying and delivering local groups with scientific and other assistance to campaign against nuclear power.

Nader continued to be involved in consumer rights and public accountability throughout the 1970s and 1980s, as he continued to work with Public Citizen. His work testifying before Congress, drafting model legislation, and coordinating citizen letter-writing and protest campaigns earned him direct credit for the introduction of the Freedom of Information Act, the Clean Water Act, Consumer Product Safety Act, and the Whistleblower Protection Act.

Nader would accuse Microsoft of being a monopoly in the late 1990s. He will host a conference containing Microsoft's tech journalists.

In 1999, Nike had unsuccessfully tried to put Nader in a newspaper. When selling Air 120 sneakers, Nader said it was "another shameless attempt by Nike to sell shoes." Spike Lee, the corporation's filmmaker, was hired after Nader turned down the bid.

Ralph Nader's name appeared in the newspaper for the first time in 1971, when he was considered a potential presidential candidate for the New Party, a Democratic split-off from the Democratic Party in 1972. In a front-page article in Esquire magazine in 1971, author Gore Vidal, the chief among his campaigners, touted a 1972 Nader presidential bid. Alan Rockway, a forensic psychologist, produced a "draft Ralph Nader for President" effort in Florida on behalf of the New Party. Nader declined to run this year; the New Party eventually joined the People's Party in the 1972 presidential election, with Benjamin Spock running for president Benjamin Spock. Spock hoped that Nader, in particular, would run, triggering "some of the evening's most emoji" when mentioning him at the University of Alabama. Spock continued to attempt to recruit Nader for the party among more than 100 others, and even after he accepted the nomination himself, he expressed disappointment. At the 1972 Democratic National Convention, Nader was given just one vote for the vice presidential nomination.

The progressive-oriented Citizens Party of 1980 approached Nader with the possibility of running for President Nominee. "I will never run for president," Nader said on his invitation. Rather, the party nominated biologist Barry Commoner.

In both the 1992 New Hampshire Democratic and Republican primaries, Nader stood in for "none of the above" and received 3,054 of the 170,333 Democratic votes and 3,258 of the 177,970 Republican votes cast. He was also a candidate in the 1992 Massachusetts Democratic Primary, where he appeared as an outsider in some states (in some states, he was on the ballot as an outsider).

During the 1996 presidential race, Nader was drafted as a nominee for President of the United States on the Green Party ticket. He was not officially nominated by the Green Party USA, the country's largest national Green party at the time; rather, he was nominated by various state Green parties voluntarily (in some states, he appeared on the ballot as an outsider). Nevertheless, many Green Party activists in the United States campaigned for Nader this year. Although Nader qualified for ballot position in 22 states, garnering 685,297 votes, or 0.7 percent of the popular vote (fourth place overall), the campaign did achieve some key organizational improvements for the party. He refused to raise or spend more than $5,000 on his campaign to avoid meeting the minimum set of Federal Election Commission reporting guidelines; the unofficial Draft Nader committee could (and did) spend more than that, but the committee was legally forbidden from coordinating in any way with Nader himself.

Nader has been chastised by gay rights campaigners for calling gay rights "gonadal politics" and claiming that he was not interested in dealing with such issues. Nevertheless, he publicly stated that he favoured same-sex marriage in July 2004.

Anne Goeke (Nine states), Deborah Howes (Oregon), Muriel Tillinghast (New York), Krista Paradise (Colorado), Bill Boteler (Washington, D.C.), and Winona LaDuke (California and Texas) were among his 1996 running mates.

Even in the Clinton administration, Nader's 2006 film An Unreasonable Man reveals how he was unable to get the views of his public interest organizations in Washington. Nader cites this as one of the primary reasons he ran in the 2000 race as a candidate of the Green Party, which had emerged in the aftermath of his 1996 campaign.

The Association of State Green Parties (ASGP) arranged the national nominating convention in Denver, Colorado, which Green Party delegates nominated Ralph Nader and Winona LaDuke to serve as their party's president and vice president in June 2000.

The Vermont Progressive Party nominated Nader on July 9, giving him vote access in the state. The United Citizens Party of South Carolina nominated Ralph Nader as the state's presidential nominee on August 12, giving him a ballot line.

15,000 people paid $20 to hear Nader speak in October 2000, at the time of his campaign's biggest Super Rally. Both camps were defeated by corporate capitalism, according to Nader's campaign, Al Gore and George W. Bush were "weedledee and Tweedledum." Susan Sarandon, Ani DiFranco, Ben Harper, Tim Robbins, Michael Moore, Eddie Vedder, and Patti Smith were among the notable celebrities to attend the festival. The campaign also had some key union members: The California Nurses Association and the United Electrical Workers endorsed his candidacy and campaigned for him.

Nader and LaDuke received 2,883,105 votes in the upcoming election, for the third time overall; missing the 5 percent needed to qualify the Green Party for federally distributed public service in the forthcoming election, but the party has also qualified for ballot status in several states.

Nader has often expressed his support for Bush's victory over Gore, saying that it would "unify us" and that environmental and customer surveillance departments would do better under Bush than Gore. When asked which of the two he'd vote for if coerced, Nader replied, "Bush... he'd vote for whichever of the two." If you want the parties to differ from one another, have Bush win." When asked whether he would feel sorry if he caused Gore's loss, Nader replied, "I would not—not at all." In the White House, I'd rather have a provocateur than an anesthetizer. "No, not at all," Nader said on another occasion. A cold shower could be able to help the Democratic Party for four years.... It doesn't matter who is in the White House."

George W. Bush defeated Al Gore by 537 votes in Florida's 2000 presidential election. Nader received 97,421 votes, leading to allegations that he was partially responsible for Gore's demise. Nader denies that he helped Bush beat Bush. According to a 2003 report, Nader's candidacy was a major factor in Bush's victory. According to a 2004 survey, Nader voters ranked among prospective voters with a preference for Democratic candidates. In the absence of Nader's candidacy, they were likely to vote for Gore over Bush.

B.C.'s research found that a Harvard professor has conducted a research. Nader did "play a vital part in determining who would be president following the 2000 election," Burden said in 2005.

However, Jonathan Chait of The American Prospect and The New Republic reports that Nader did indeed concentrate on swing states disproportionately during the campaign's waning days and, in doing so, jeopardized his chances of winning the 5% of the popular vote he was aiming for.

He wrote:

On December 24, 2003, Nader confirmed that he did not seek the Green Party's nomination for president in 2004, but did not rule out running as an outsider.

During the 2004 presidential election, Ralph Nader and Democratic candidate John Kerry held a widely circulated meeting. Nader said John Kerry wanted to win Nader's love and the love of Nader's voters, causing Nader to give Kerry more than 20 pages of topics that he believed were important. According to Nader, he asked John Kerry to pick any three of the issues and highlight them in his campaign; if Kerry does not run, Nader will not contest the election. Nader declared on February 22, 2004, when Kerry wasn't heard back from him, that he would run for president as an independent.

Many Democrats pleaded with Nader to drop his 2004 candidacy due to fears over a potential spoiler effect. Nader had a "distinctive career, fighting for working families," Terry McAuliffe said, and that McAuliffe "would not want to see any of his legacy because he got us eight years of George Bush." Theresa Amato, Nader's national campaign manager in 2000 and 2004, later pleaded that McAuliffe agreed not to vote in certain states if he did not campaign in those states, an allegation denied by Nader and undisputed by McAuliffe.

Nader received 463,655 votes, or 0.3 percent of the popular vote, putting him in third place overall.

In February 2007, Nader branded Democratic front-runner Hillary Clinton as "a panderer and a flatterer," later referring to her as someone with "no political experience." Nader declared his intention to run for president as an independent during an appearance on Meet the Press in February 2008. Matt Gonzalez was his running-mate later. Howard Zinn, Jesse Ventura, Justin Jeffre, Tom Morello, Val Kilmer, Rocky Anderson, James Abourezk, Patti Smith, and Jello Biafra all supported Nader. The Nader campaign raised $8.4 million in campaign funds, mainly from small, individual contributions. In the 2008 United States presidential race, Nader/Gonzalez received 738,475 votes and a third-place finish.

To "oppose graft in the United States, Nader founded the Congressional Accountability Initiative. Congress is the representative of the United States.

The 2011 military intervention in Libya was condemned by Nader. President Barack Obama has been branded a "war criminal" by him and has called for his impeachment.

Nader, a 24-year-old grandniece killed in the Ethiopian Airlines crash, said that the Boeing 737 Max "must never fly again"... it's not a matter of software. It's a matter of structural design: the plane's engines are too heavy for the conventional fuselage. Nader also called for Boeing top executives to resign, and confirmed that the Federal Aviation Administration has "been in the pockets of the Boeing corporation for years."

Nader initiated the D.C. Library Renaissance Project in 2002, a group of tenacious housing policy, undervalued the property, and didn't conform to the city's Comprehensive Plan. The Library Renaissance Project's legislative difficulties have cost the D.C. government more than one million dollars in legal fees. Despite community support, Nader has opposed privatization of D.C. libraries, citing a lack of control and a competitive bidding process.

Only the Super Rich Can Save Us, Nader's first work of fiction, was published in 2009. Many of the characters were fictionalized recreations of true-life people, including Ted Turner and Warren Buffett. Grover Norquist's main villain, Brovar Dortwist, represents the book's "conservative evil genius" Brovar Dortwist. According to Norquist, Nader had called him before the book's publication and said he "wouldn't be too unhappy" because the character was principled."

The novel received mixed reviews, with The Wall Street Journal noting that it reads less like a book than a dream journal" with a plot that vicariously concludes with "American society thoroughly Naderized," but the Globe and Mail said it was "a good idea by the right one at a difficult time."

With the fable collection Animal Envy in 2016, Nader also delves into fantasy.

At a debate for third-party candidates at Washington, D.C.'s Busboys and Poets during the 2012 US presidential election. Jill Stein, Libertarian Gary Johnson, Rocky Anderson of the Justice Party and Constitution Party candidate Virgil Goode attended the debate. In a studio appearance televised by Russia Today, he later moderated a similar discussion.

Since March 2014, Nader has co-hosted the weekly Ralph Nader Radio Hour, a radio station in Los Angeles that is broadcast on the Pacifica Radio Network. "interviews with some of the country's most influential innovators and shakers" as well as analysis of current affairs are included in the series. Steve Skrovan and David Feldman are Nader's co-hosts.

After a decade of planning, Nader founded the American Museum of Tort Law in Winsted, Connecticut. Phil Donahue officiated at the opening ceremonies. Nader personally contributed $150,000 to the museum's establishment, which was located on two parcels of land rezoned by the town of Winsted to house it. Some expressed reservations that a museum dedicated to tort will be of much interest to the general public at the time of its opening, but Nader said he was "astonished" that a republic in the United States can go more than 200 years without having a law museum.

In 2016, Nader unsuccessfully applied for a seat on the Harvard University Board of Overseers, which was part of an opposition candidate slate running under the name "Free Harvard, Fair Harvard" that demanded that the university be more open about how it made athletic and legacy admissions decisions. He voiced support for Donald Trump's reelection bid in February of this year, saying that such a change would help break the two party system.

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