Motilal Nehru

At 69 years old, Motilal Nehru has this physical status:

Motilal Nehru (1861 – 6 February 1931) was an Indian lawyer, activist, and politician who was a member of the Indian National Congress.

He served as the Congress President twice, 1919–1920, 1928–1929.

He was a member of the Nehru-Gandhi family and the father of Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first Prime Minister.

Early life and education

Motilal Nehru was born on May 6, 1861, the posthumous son of Gangadhar Nehru and his wife Indrani. For many generations in Delhi, the Nehru family had lived, and Gangadhar Nehru was a kotwal in that district. Gangadhar and his family left Delhi and relocated to Agra, where some of his relatives lived, during India's independence struggle in 1857. During the Mutiny, the Nehru family's house in Delhi had been looted and burned. Patrani and Maharani's two daughters' weddings were quickly organized in Agra, into Kashmiri Brahmin families. He died on February 4th, 1861, and Motilal, his youngest child, was born three months later.

Bansidhar Nehru (b.) is Motilal's two older brothers at this moment. Nandlal Nehru, 1842, and Nandlal Nehru (b. The 1845s were between nineteen and sixteen years old, respectively. Since the family had lost almost all of its wealth during the 1857 revolt, Jeorani turned to her brother, Amarnath Zutshi of Bazaar Sitaram in old Delhi, for help until her sons could begin earning. She did get some assistance from him during the latest outbreak of mutiny, but most of Delhi was devastated and assistance could not be open-ended. In a few years, Nandlal began working as a clerk in a Raja of Khetri's courthouse, where he started assisting his mother and brother.

Motilalal spent his childhood in Khetri, the country's second largest thikana (feudal estate), now in Rajasthan. Nandlal's elder brother, who was the same age as him, earned the trust of Raja Fateh Singh of Khetri, and took the role of Diwan (Chief Minister) of the vast feudal estate. Fateh Singh died young and was replaced by a distant cousin who had no use for his predecessor's confidants. Nandlal left Khetri for Agra and discovered that his prior work with Khetri enabled him to counsel litigants regarding their legal proceedings. Once he knew this, he exhibited his passion and tenacity by preparing for and passing the necessary examinations in order to practice law in British colonial courts. At Agra's provincial High Court, he began practising legislation. The High Court later transferred base to Allahabad, and the family (including Motilal) migrated to that place.

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Career

In 1883, the bar examination was passed and Kanpur began practicing law. He returned to Allahabad three years later to continue the lucrative occupation that his brother Nandlal had started three years ago. In April 1887, his brother died at the age of forty-two, leaving five sons and two daughters behind. Thus, Motilal became the sole bread-earner of the extended Nehru family at the age of 25.

Many of Motilal's cases were civil cases involving large land-owning families. He made a name for himself in Allahabad's civil society straight away. With the success of his practice, he bought a large family house in the city's Civil Lines area, renovated it, and named it Anand Bhavan (lit. (Joy house) He reached the pinnacle of his legal career in 1909 by winning permission to serve in the Privy Council of Great Britain. His frequent visits to Europe enraged the Kashmiri Brahmin community because he refused to perform the traditional "prayashchit" or conversion ceremony after crossing the ocean (according to Strict Hinduism, one's caste lost one's caste after crossing the ocean and was required to perform certain penance ceremonies in order to regain caste). He was the first chairman of The Leader, a leading daily newspaper in Allahabad.

He founded The Independent, a new daily newspaper in 1919 that was much too liberal for Motilal's style and articulate thought.

He began to become wealthy among the Indian National Congress' few leaders. Nehru became one of the first to remove western clothes and furniture products from his life under Mahatma Gandhi's influence in 1918, adopting a more traditional Indian lifestyle.

Nehru had to return to his law practice to pay the bills of his large family and large family house (he rebuilt Swaraj Bhavan later). Swaraj Bhawan belonged to Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, the 19th century Muslim leader and educator. Sir William Moor hoped that this large palatial home in Allahabad's Civil Lines would be the glue holding the British Empire in India together. The house was bought by Motilal Nehru in 1900 and went on to become a cradle of the Indian Freedom Struggle, which was to overthrowrown British rule in India.

Motilal Nehru served as President of the Congress twice, once in Amritsar (1919) and the second in Calcutta (1928). The 1919 Jallianwala Bagh massacre left a lasting impression on him, as it was reported that he wrote "my blood is boiling" in the aftermath. He was elected to preside over the Amritsar Congress in December of this year. During the year, Motilal was in the middle of a landslide that sank many well-known landmarks. At the special Congress in Calcutta in September 1920, he was the only front rank leader to commit to non-cooperation. The Calcutta Congress (December 1928), which Motilal presided, was the scene of a head-on confrontation between those who were able to accept Dominion Status and those that would not be able to be fully independent. According to Mahatma Gandhi's plan, a split was avoided if Britain does not give Dominion Status within a year, the Congress would demand complete independence and fight for it if necessary by initiating civil disobedience. He was detained during the Non-Cooperation Movement. Despite being near to Gandhi early in Gandhi's demise of civil resistance in 1922 due to a riotous crowd in Chauri Chaura, Uttar Pradesh, who brutally condemned the assassination of policemen.

Motilal was later elected to the Swaraj Party, which was seeking to join the British-sponsored councils. Motilal had been elected to the United Provinces Legislative Council, where he took the first walk-out in protest against the denial of a resolution he had moved. In 1923, Nehru was elected to the new Central Legislative Assembly of British India in New Delhi and became the Opposition leader. He was able to secure the cancellation, or at least the postponement of Finance bills and other legislation in that role. He agreed to join a committee with the intention of encouraging the recruitment of Indian officers into the Indian Army, but others pushed the idea into joining the government itself.

In March 1926, Nehru asked a conference to draft a constitution that grants full Dominion status to India, which would be enacted by the British parliament. The Assembly dismissed this proposal, and as a result, Nehru and his coworkers resigned from their Assembly positions and returned to the Congress party, as a result.

Jawaharlal Nehru, the son of Motilal Nehru, became one of India's most influential and influential political dynasty in 1916. Jawaharlal Nehru was voted as President of Congress in 1929, it thrilled Motilal and Nehru family followers to see the son take over from his father. Jawaharlal had reacted angrily to his father's call for dominance of dominion and had not left the Congress Party until Motilal helped found the Swaraj Party.

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