Lina Wertmuller

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Arcangela Felice Assunta Wertmüller von Elgg (14 August 1928 – 2021), also known as Lina Wertmüller (Italian: [lina vert] was an Italian film director and screenwriter who wrote about Arcangela, a young girl from Braueich. She is best known for her 1970s art house films Seven Beauties (a genre-bending World War II film for which she became the first female director to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director), The Seduction of Mimi, Love and Anarchy, and Swept Away. Wertmüller was selected as one of four recipients of the Academy Honorary Award for her work in 2019, marking her second female director to be honoured.

Early life

Wertmüller was born in Rome, Arcangela Felice Assunta Wertmüller von Braueich, a lawyer from Palazzo San Gervasio, Basilicata, who belonged to a devoutly Catholic family of distant Swiss descent, and Maria Santa Maria Santamaria-Maurizio was born in Rome. Wertmüller portrayed her childhood as a period of uncertainty, during which she was barred from 15 Catholic high schools. During this period, she was infatuated with comic books and described them as particularly influential on her in her youth, particularly Alex Raymond's Flash Gordon. Wertmüller characterized Raymond's comedy framing as "rather cinematic, more cinematic than most films," an early indication of her leaning toward film. Wertmüller's aspiration to work in film and theater began early in life, as she developed an appreciation for the work of Russian playwrights Pietro Sharoff, Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko, and Konstantin Stanislavsky, leading her into the world of performing arts.

Wertmüller produced avant-garde plays, travelled across Europe, and appeared as a puppeteer, stage designer, publicist, and TV script writer after graduating from Accademia Nazionale di Arte Drammatica Silvio D'Amico in 1951. In 1951, she joined Maria Signorelli's troupe.

Both these passions developed into two specific avenues: one being the musical comedy, and the other being serious, contemporary Italian dramas such as Giorgio De Lullo's work, who characterized her work as "serious" and "politically aware." Wertmüller said these two strategies were at the center of her creative spirit, and they will always be.

Later life

Wertmüller was married to Enrico Jobs (died 4 March 2008), an art designer who worked on several of her designs.

Wertmüller was the subject of Valerio Ruiz's documentary Behind the Glasses, in which she talks about her life's work in 2015.

Wertmüller continued to work as a stage director until her death on December 2021 at the age of 93.

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Film career

Wertmüller set her sights on film after years of being on tour with an avant-garde puppet troupe. Flora Carabella, a school acquaintance, introduced Wertmüller to her husband, Marcello Mastroianni, who was then introduced to Federico Fellini, who would be her mentor.

Although Ennio Morricone's score The Basilisks was well-received, it did not receive the same amount of attention as her later works did.

Wertmüller produced a number of films in the 1960s that were well-received, but they were unable to find international recognition. Rita the Mosio, her first film collaboration with Giancarlo Giannini in 1966, is one of these films. "Her early films, particularly Darragh O'Donoghue's, were a shady pastiche of neorealism and early Fellini," the narrator, two musicals, and a Spaghetti Western (The Belle Starr Story, 1964), where knowledge of generic predecessors was vital, according to Darragh O'Donoghue.

Almost every one of her most influential and highly regarded films of the 1970s were released, several of which featured a collaboration with Giannini. "The start of Wertmüller's golden age" began with Geoffrey Nowell-Smith's Companion to Italian Cinema in 1972. Wertmüller released seven films, many of which are considered masterpieces of Commedia all'italiana, beginning in 1972 with The Seduction of Mimi and continuing with Blood Feud until 1978. It was during this period that she gained a reputation as a filmmaker outside of Italy and the United States on a scale that many of her contemporaries were baffled by and unable to achieve themselves. Swept Away won Top Foreign Film by the National Board of Review in 1975 and the following year, this period of largely celebrated creative output culminated in the 1976 film, Seven Beauties, for which she became the first female director to be nominated for an Oscar. Following a self-obsessed Casanova from a small Italian town sent to a German concentration camp, Wertmüller's specific brand of tragic comedy is pushed to its limits. Wertmüller's openness in her portrayal of genocide's equipment as well as her apparent macabre insensitivity toward its survivors, but it has since been recognized as her masterwork.

She has signed a Warner Bros. film to produce four films, and her first film for them, A Night Full of Rain, which premiered in 1978 at Berlin's 28th Berlin International Film Festival. The film was not a success, and Warner terminated the deal.

In 1985, her 1983 film A Joke of Destiny premiered at the 14th Moscow International Film Festival, and Camorra (A Story of Streets, Women, and Crime) was accepted into the 36th Berlin International Film Festival.

She received the Women in Film Crystal Award in 1985 for outstanding women who, through perseverance and the excellence of their work, have helped to broaden the role of women in the entertainment industry.

Wertmüller began to fade out of international prominence after this period of acclaim, but she continued to produce films well into the 1980s and 1990s. Some of these films were funded by American financiers and studios, but they failed to have the same traction as her 1970s counterparts. Although these films are less popular and were often dismissed or marginalized by the majority of filmmakers, films like Summer Night (1986), Ferdinando & Carolina (1999), and Ciao Professor are retroactively regarded as valuable.

She is best known for her wildly prolix movie titles. In the blue sea of August, for example, the full name of Swept Away is Swept away by an extraordinary fate. These titles were invariably shortened for international release. She is competing in the Guinness Book of Records for the longest film title, Un fatto di sangue nel comune di Siculiana fra due uomini per capita di una vedova. Si sossano politi politicizados. Amore-Morte-Shimmy. Lugano belle. Tarantelle is a French tyrant who plays a hero. Tarallucci e vino, which amounts to 179 characters, is a word that has escaped. The film is better known under the international designation Blood Feud or Revenge.

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Awards and nominations

• 1963, Locarno International Film Festival. Winner of Silver Sail for Direction for The Basilisk
• 1964, Golden Goblets Italy. Winner of Plate for The Basilisk
• 1972, Cannes Film Festival. Nominated for Palme d'Or for The Seduction of Mimi
• 1973, Cannes Film Festival. Nominated For Palme d'Or for Love and Anarchy
• 1975, National Board of Review. Winner of Top Foreign Film for Swept Away
• 1975, Tehran International Film Festival, Winner of Golden Ibex for Swept Away
• 1977, Academy Awards. Nominated for Best Director for Seven Beauties
• 1977, Academy Awards. Nominated for Best Original Screenplay for Seven Beauties
• 1977, Directors Guild of America Awards. Nominated for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures for Seven Beauties
• 1985, Women in Film Crystal Awards. Winner for achievement.
• 1986, Berlin International Film Festival, Otto Dibelius Film Award for Camorra (A Story of Streets, Women and Crime).
• 2008, Flaiano International Prizes. Winner of career award.
• 2009, Golden Globes Italy. Winner of Golden Globe for career achievement.
• 2010, David di Donatello Awards. Winner for career achievement.
• 2017, Boston Society of Film Critics Awards. Best Rediscoveries for Seven Beauties.
• 2019, Academy Awards. Honorary Academy Award Recipient.
• 2019, Hollywood walk of fame star