Leopold Kozeluch

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Leopold Koeluch (born Jan Anton Koeluh, Leopold Koeluh, Leopold Kotzeluch), born 26 June 1747 – 7 May 1818) was a Czech composer and music teacher. He was born in the town of Velvary, Bohemia, (present-day Czech Republic).

He went to Prague to improve his musical training before heading to Vienna in 1778, where he remained for the remainder of his career.

He gained renown as a composer, pianist, and educator in Vienna, and from 1792 to 1818, he served as both Kammer Kapellmeister (music director) and Hofmusik Compositor (composer), as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's replacement. Sonatas and concertos for keyboard, the instrument in which he excelled, as well as chamber music, choral music, and opera were among Koeluch's compositions.

Life

Koeluch was born in Velvary, Czech Republic's present-day Czech Republic, on June 26, 1747. Antonn Bartholomäus Koeluh, a shoemaker, was his father. He was baptized Jan Antonno but by 1773, he had adopted the name Leopold to avoid confusion with his elder cousin, composer Jan Anton Koeluh. He also shortened his surname to Koeluch. Koeluch began his musical training in Velvary, Czech Republic, and Frantiek Duek, the former teacher who taught him in keyboard and composition, migrated to Prague.

Koeluch wrote ballets and pantomimes that were performed in Prague from 1771 to 1778. These performances led him to abandon plans to study law in favour of a musical career. He returned to Vienna in 1778, where he quickly established himself as a pianist, but not one who did not appear in public, composer, and tutor. Kemp English of Vienna says he "found himself in the right place at the right time" and was able to advance his career in Vienna, Koeluch, according to Pianist Kemp English, who had cultivated relationships there. In 1780, he produced a cantata commemorating Maria Theresa's death. Maria Theresia Paradis, Archduchess Elisabeth of Württemberg, Archduchess Elisabeth of Württemberg, Archduchess Marie Louise, and Empress of Brazil Maria Leopoldine Leopoldine von Württemberg will be among his pupils. His appointment to teach Archduchess Elizabeth was a formal court position, succeeding Georg Christoph Wagenseil. Following a dispute with his employer, the Archbishop of Salzburg, in 1781, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart resigned as his court organist in Salzburg. The Archbishop offered Koeluch's position to Koeluch, but Koeluch later expressed reservations about how he may have been exposed to what he saw as Mozart's ill-treatment. Koeluch expanded into publishing in 1784, and he soon founded Musikalisches Magazin, which would later fall under the responsibility of his brother Antonyn Tomás. Koeluch will publish several of his compositions through the firm, as well as overseas partners.

"Leopold Kozeluch is without doubt one of our living composers" in 1790, a time when Mozart and Joseph Haydn were at the forefront of their careers, prompting him to tell Ernst Ludwig Gerber that the following was true: "Leopold Kozeluch is without doubt with young and old the most loved among our living composers," Koeluch said. Koeluch's popularity in royal circles soared again in 1791, when he compiled a well-received cantata for Emperor Leopold II's coronation in Prague. For the same occasion, Mozart composed La clemenza di Tito. Mozart's death later this year gave him another chance: Emperor Franz II granted him Mozart's positions in his court, Kammer Kapellmeister (composer), and at double Mozart's salary. Koeluch will continue in the positions until his death. In 1791, Koeluch established a masonic lodge, bringing together two lives and Mozart's and helping to advance himself in Viennese history.

After the turn of the century, Koeluch's compositional output slowed as he concentrated on his court work, teaching, and the lucrative task of organizing Scottish, Irish, and Welsh folk songs for the publisher George Thomson. In a lecture in 1806, William Crotch discussed Koeluch's fame, remarking that he had "sunk in unmerited neglect" when Mozart's fame had enjoyed posthumous development. Ludwig van Beethoven, a frequent adversary of rival composers, would write to Thomson referring to Koeluch as "Miserabilis."

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