L. Ron Hubbard

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Lafayette, Ronald Hubbard (March 13, 1911 – January 24, 1986) was an American author of science fiction and fantasy stories and the father of the Church of Scientology.

Hubbard wrote Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health in 1950, and a number of organizations were founded to promote Dianetics.

Hubbard lost the right to Dianetics in bankruptcy proceedings in 1952, and he later founded Scientology.

Hubbard stayed in Tilden, Nebraska, where he later developed the Church of Scientology into a worldwide body.

Hubbard's father was taken to Guam's USnaval base in the late 1920s, and he travelled to Asia and the South Pacific in the late 1920s.

Hubbard attended George Washington University in 1930 to study civil engineering, but he dropped out in his second year.

He began his career as a prolific writer of pulp fiction stories and married Margaret "Polly" Grubb, who expressed his interest in aviation. Hubbard served as an officer in the Navy during World War II, where he briefly commanded two ships but was barred from service both times.

His last few months of active service in a hospital were spent on a ship as "Commodore" of the Sea Organization, a prestigious scientific body of Scientologists.

Some former members and scholars have characterized the Sea Org as a totalitarian group marked by increased surveillance and a lack of independence.

Hubbard was found guilty of fraud in 1978 after being tried in absentia by France.

On 28 charges for their part in Operation Snow White, one of the largest infiltrations of the US government in history, had been convicted in August 1978, up to 5,000 clandestine agents.

Hubbard's wife, Mary Sue Hubbard, was one of those suspected. L's arrest was made. Ron Hubbard was named an unindicted co-conspirator and spent the remaining years of his life in a luxurious motorhome on his California home, attended to by a select group of Scientology professionals, including his physician.

L.Ron Hubbard died in 1986 at the age of 74, and Scientology experts announced that his body had been an end to his job and that he had to "drop his body" to continue his studies on another planet.

Although many of Hubbard's autobiographical remarks have been found to be false, the Church of Scientology explains Hubbard in hagiographic terms and rejects any suggestion that Hubbard's biography was not historical fact.

Early life

L. Ron Hubbard was born in 1911 in Tilden, Nebraska, the only child of Ledora May (née Waterbury), who had worked as a tutor, and Harry Ross Hubbard, a former US Navy officer, and a retired US Navy officer. They came from Kalispell, Montana, and settled in Helena in 1913. Hubbard's father returned to the Navy in April 1917, during World War I, while his mother served as a clerk for the state government.

The Hubbards have regularly relocated around the United States and elsewhere during the 1920s. Hubbard was active in the Boy Scouts in Washington, D.C., and was awarded the rank of Eagle Scout in 1924, only weeks after his 13th birthday.

Hubbard was accepted as a freshman at Union High School, Bremerton, in 1925, and the following year, he attended Queen Anne High School in Seattle.

Hubbard's father was sent to Guam in April 1927, and during a brief stopover in a couple of Chinese ports, he and his mother travelled to Guam this summer. He gathered his impressions of the locations he visited and disdained the poverty of Japan and China's people, who he described as "gooks" and "lazy [and] ignorant" in a series.

Hubbard began attending Helena High School in September 1927, where he contributed to the school newspaper. Hubbard was barred from attending Helena High School after receiving poor marks on May 11, 1928. In June 1928, Hubbard left Helena and returned to Guam.

Hubbard's family and others moved from Guam to China between October and December 1928. Hubbard spent a considerable amount of his time on Guam writing hundreds of short stories and essays. Hubbard failed the Naval Academy entrance exam.

Hubbard was enrolled in Swavely Preparatory School in Manassas, Virginia, in September 1929 to prepare him for his second attempt at the examination. Hubbard complained of eye strain and was diagnosed with myopia in his first semester at Swevely; this condition barred any enrollment in the Naval Academy. Hubbard would write to himself, "Your eyes are getting progressively better." When you used them as an excuse to leave the naval academy, they became revolting."

He was instead sent to Woodward School for Boys in Washington, D.C., to ensure admission to George Washington University without having to sit for the entrance exam. He graduated from the school in June 1930 and then moved to the University in September.

Life in hiding

Hubbard faced an increasing number of court problems during the 1970s. In 1972, French prosecutors charged him and the French Church of Scientology with fraud and customs offences. He was warned that if he was going to France, he was in danger of being extradited to France. Hubbard retired from the Sea Org fleet for a short time in 1972, while incognito in Queens, New York, until he returned to his flagship in September 1973, when the threat of extradition had diminished. According to scientology reports, he did "a sociological investigation in and around New York City."

During this time, Hubbard's health worsened significantly. He suffered from bursitis and excess weight, as well as a prominent scar on his forehead, and he had a prominent bump on his forehead. He suffered serious injuries in a motorcycle accident in 1973 and had a heart attack in 1975 that required him to buy anticoagulant drugs for the next year. Hubbard had a respiratory embolism in September 1978, resulting in a coma, but recovered.

He remained involved in science and academia, establishing the controversial Rehabilitation Project Force in 1974 and issuing legislative and doctrinal bulletins. However, the Sea Org's voyages were coming to an end. The Apollo was banned from several Spanish ports and was expelled from Curaçao in 1975. When the Apollo docked in Funchal, Madeira, the Sea Org appeared to be suspected of being a CIA operation, sparking a riot. The Apollo Stars, a musical group founded by Hubbard and made up entirely of ship-bound members of the Sea Org, was performing free on-pier concerts in an attempt to spread Scientology, and a riot occurred at one of these performances. Hubbard decided to relocate to the United States to establish a "land base" for the Sea Org in Florida. This decision is due to the Apollo's activities, which "outgrow[n] the ship's capacity," according to the Church of Scientology.

Hubbard converted a hotel suite in Daytona Beach in October 1975. The Fort Harrison Hotel in Clearwater, Florida, was inadvertently purchased as the "land base" location. Hubbard and his wife Mary Sue moved into a condo project in Dunedin on December 5, 1975. Their presence was supposed to be a closely guarded mystery, but the following month, they were mistakenly exposed. Hubbard and his family left Dunedin and migrated to Georgetown, Washington, D.C., with a team of aides and messengers, but not his wife. Hubbard relocated to another safe house in Culver City, California, six months after another security alert in July 1976. He remained there for only three months, relocating in October to the Olive Tree Ranch in La Quinta's more private confines. Quentin's second son Quentin committed suicide in Las Vegas a few weeks later.

Hubbard was instrumental in directing the activities of the Guardian's Office (GO), the law enforcement/intelligence service that he founded in 1966. Scientology was being attacked by an international Nazi conspiracy, which he described as the "Tenyaka Memorial" in an attempt to conquer the world. He initiated the "Snow White Programme" in 1973 and directed the GO to delete negative reports of Scientology from government files and track down their sources. "Get all false and classified information on Scientology, LRH," the GO was ordered to "secure all relevant and classified information on Scientology, which cannot be obtained legally, according to any potential lines of attack. "i.e., job exploitation, janitor penetration, and the use of covers in effective guises." His involvement in the GO's activities was obscured by the use of code names. Operation Bulldozer Leak, which was launched on his behalf, was designed to "fully spread the word" that would lead government, media, and individual [Suppressive People] to declare that the LRH has no influence on the C of S and no legal responsibility for Church activity." He was kept up on GO activities, including the stealing of medical records from a hospital, abuse of psychiatrists, and infiltrations of businesses that had been critical of Scientology at various times, including the Better Business Bureau, the American Medical Association, and the American Psychiatric Association.

Several government departments, including the US Department of Justice and the Internal Revenue Service, were infiltrated and robbed by members of the GO, including the US Department of Justice and the Internal Revenue Service. The FBI executed simultaneous raids on GO offices in Los Angeles and Washington, D.C., after two GO agents were found in the IRS' Washington, D.C. headquarters. They recovered wiretap devices, hacker gadgets, and 90,000 pages of incriminating information. Hubbard was not charged with criminal charges, but federal prosecutors said he was labelled as a "unindicted conspirator" by government prosecutors. Mary Sue Sue's husband was charged and found guilty of conspiracy and later guilty of plotting. She and ten other Scientologists were sentenced to a federal jail.

Hubbard's woes soared in February 1978 when a French judge sentenced him to absentia for receiving money under false pretenses. He was sentenced to four years in jail and a 35,000FF ($7,000) fine, roughly equivalent to $29,082 in 2021. In April 1979, he went into hiding, moving to a Hemet, California, where his only way outside was via ten trusted messengers. He cut off contact with everyone else, even his wife, who was visiting for the last time in August 1979. Hubbard was facing an indictment for his part in Operation Freakout, the GO's attempt against New York journalist Paulette Cooper, and after 1980, he went deep in the company of two trusted messengers, Pat and Annie Broeker, who went under deep cover.

Hubbard and the Broekers lived in Newport Beach and Los Angeles for the first few years of the 1980s, touring the Pacific Northwest in a four-wheeler and living in apartments. Hubbard wrote his first new science fiction works of fiction for nearly thirty years, including "Battlefield Earth (1982) and Mission Earth (1984), a ten-volume series released between 1985 and 1987. They received mixed reactions; writer Jeff Walker puts it differently, they were "treated derisively by the majority of critics but greatly admired by followers." Hubbard wrote and composed music for three of his albums, which were also produced by the Church of Scientology. Space Jazz, the book soundtrack, was released in 1982. Mission Earth and The Road to Freedom were released in 1986 posthumously.

Members of the Sea Org purged many veteran Scientologists in Hubbard's absence. David Miscavige, a young messenger, became Scientology's de facto king. Mary Sue Hubbard was forced to resign her position, and her daughter Suzette was named Miscavige's personal maid.

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First marriage and early literary career

In February 1933, Hubbard moved from Puerto Rico to Washington, D.C. Margaret "Polly" Grubb, a fellow glider pilot, started a friendship. On April 13, the two were married. She was still pregnant when they married but had a miscarriage shortly after; a few months later, she became pregnant again. She gave birth to her son named Lafayette Ronald Hubbard, Jr., whose nickname was "Nibs" on May 7, 1934. Katherine May, the couple's second child, was born on January 15, 1936. The Hubbards lived in Laytonsville, Maryland, for a time, but were always short of money.

During the 1930s, Hubbard became a well-known and prolific writer for pulp fiction magazines. His literary career began with contributions to The University Hatchet, George Washington University's student newspaper, as a reporter for a few months in 1931. Six of his pieces were published commercially from 1932 to 1933. Hubbard's total earnings from these articles would have been less than $100 (equivalent to $2,093 in 2021) if the going rate for freelance writers at the time was just a cent a word, so Hubbard's total earnings from these articles would have been less than $100 (equivalent to $2,093 in 2021). In February 1934, Thrilling Adventures became the first pulp magazine to publish one of his short stories. Several of his short stories were published under a variety of pen names over the next six years, including Winchester Remington Colt, Kurt von Rachen, René Lafayette, Joe Blitz, and Legionnaire 148.

Hubbard, although he was best known for his fantasy and science fiction books, he wrote in a variety of genres, including adventure fiction, aviation, travel, mysteries, westerns, and even romance. Hubbard was aware of writers such as Isaac Asimov, Arthur J. Burks, Robert A. Heinlein, L. Sprague de Camp and A. E. van Vogt.

In the spring of 1936, they migrated to Bremerton, Washington. They lived in Hubbard's aunts and grandmother for a time before finding a place of their own in nearby South Colby. The Hubbards were "in a dire situation for money," according to Robert MacDonald Ford, one of his time, but they continued to live on the proceeds from Hubbard's writings.

Buckskin Brigades, his first full-length book, was published in 1937. After being taken under the wing of editor John W. Campbell, who wrote several of Hubbard's short stories and later serialized a number of well-received science fiction, Hubbard's magazines Unknown and Astounding Science Fiction made him become a "highly idiosyncratic" writer of science fiction. Fear, the final blackout, and Typewriter in the Sky were among the items listed.

He wrote the script for The Secret of Treasure Island, a 1938 Columbia Pictures film serial.

Hubbard spent an increasing amount of time in New York City, working out of a hotel room where his wife accused him of engaging with other women.

Hubbard underwent a dental procedure and responded to the drug used in the procedure in April 1938. This event, according to his account, triggered a traumatic near-death experience. Hubbard, who was never published, created a book with working titles The One Command or Excalibur, allegedly inspired by this experience.

Arthur J. Burks, who started the project in 1938, later remembered that it was about the "one command": to survive. In Dianetics, this theme will be revisited. Burks also remembered the research into a lynch mob's psychology. Excalibur would be cited as a young version of Dianetics later on by Hubbard.

Hubbard said that Excalibur would "revolutionize everything" and that "it was somewhat more relevant, and that it would have a greater effect on people than the Bible," according to Burks. Hubbard "was so sure" he had something "away from and above" anything else that he had sent telegrams to several book publishers, advising them that he had written "THE book" and that they should visit him at Penn Station and go with whomever [sic] gave him the best offer," Burks says. However, no one bought the book.

Hubbard's inability to sell Excalibur angered him; in a letter from October 1938, he told his wife: "Writing action pulp retards my growth because it requires incessant attention and, in the worst case, it actually weakens my name." So, you'll see that I have to do something about it while still improving the old financial situation."

He went on:

Hubbard told Forrest J Ackerman, later Hubbard's literary agent, "whoever read it either went insane or committed suicide." He said he was afraid to show it to a publisher in New York and threw it out of the office and threw it on the table and threw himself out of the skyscraper window. Hubbard would tell a group of science fiction enthusiasts that Excalibur's inspiration came from an operation in which he "died" for eight minutes.

The manuscript became part of Scientology mythology later. For the sum of $1,500 apiece (equivalent to $16,894 in 2021), a early 1950s Scientology journal sold "gold-bound and locked" copies. "four of the first fifteen people who read it went insane," it said, and that it would be "[r]eleased only on a sworn pledge not to encourage other readers to read it." This information was not to be revealed during Mr. Hubbard's stay on earth."

Hubbard joined The Explorers Club in February 1940 on the back of his reported discoveries in the Caribbean and survey flights in the United States. He begged the club not to allow him to fly the banner of an "Alaskan Radio-Experimental Expedition." Hubbard and his wife were onboard his ketch Magician's crew.

The trip was plagued by delays and did not travel any farther than Ketchikan. Only two days after the ship's engine was turned off in July 1940, it was forced to shut down. He underestimated the expense of the trip but did not have enough funds to rebuild the car. He raised funds by writing articles and contributing to the local radio station, and eventually earned enough to rebuild the engine, returning the station to Puget Sound on December 27, 1940.

Military career

Hubbard joined the United States Navy after returning from Alaska. Hubbard's friend, Robert MacDonald Ford, who now serves as a State Representative for Washington, sent a letter of recommendation describing him as "one of the most able men I've ever known." Hubbard had written the letter himself, according to Ford later: "I'd like to know why Ron wanted a letter." "You're the author, you write it!" I said to him.

On July 19, 1941, Hubbard was sent as a lieutenant junior grade in the United States Naval Reserve. He was sent to New York in November for training as an intelligence officer. On December 18, he was taken to the Philippines and sent out for the first time via Australia. Hubbard was sent back to the United States while waiting for a ride to Manilla. "This officer is not fit for a sole service position," the US naval attaché said. He is gregarious and tries to convey hints of his importance. He also seems to believe he has unusual capabilities in those fields. These features indicate that he would need close monitoring for effective execution of any intelligence function."

Hubbard's request for sea service was accepted and he reported to a Neponset, Massachusetts, shipyard that was converting a trawler into a gunboat, which was designated as USS YP-422 after a brief period censoring cables. The commandant of Boston Navy Yard's Washington told Washington that Hubbard was "not temperamentally appropriate for commanding" on September 25, 1942. Hubbard was summarily relieved of his command just days later, on October 1.

Hubbard was sent to submarine chaser school, and the USS PC-815, which was under construction, was sent to Portland, Oregon, to command a submarine chaser. PC-815 sailed on her shakedown cruise bound for San Diego on May 18. Hubbard discovered an enemy submarine only five hours into the journey. Hubbard spent the next 68 hours in combat before being ordered to return to Astoria. "An analysis of all reports shows that there was no submarine in the area," Admiral Frank Fletcher, the Northwest Sea Frontier's commander, concluded. Hubbard had mistaken a "known magnetic deposit" for an enemy sub, according to Fletcher.

Hubbard sailed PC-815 into Mexican territorial waters and held gunmany training off the Coronado Islands in the belief that they were uninhabited and belonged to the United States. Hubbard was relieved of service by the Mexican government, who later reported that it had been suspended of service. According to a study published after the incident, Hubbard was rated as unsuitable for independent work and as "lacking in the essential qualities of judgement, leadership, and cooperation." According to the survey, he should be given "duty on a massive ship where he can be properly monitored."

Hubbard, who was stripped of control of PC-815, started getting sick, citing a variety of illnesses, including ulcers, malaria, and back pains. Hubbard was admitted to the San Diego naval hospital for observation; he would stay there for almost three months. Hubbard would still write to himself: "You had a stomach ache to keep the Navy from punishing you." You're free of the Navy.'

Hubbard was sent to Portland, where the USS Algol was under construction in 1944. Hubbard served as the navigation and training officer when the ship was launched in July. Hubbard requested a transfer to the School of Military Government in Princeton, and was granted it. According to the ship's log, "The Navigating Officer [Hubbard] announced to the OOD [Officer On Duty] that an attempt at sabatage [sic] had been made sometime between 1530 and 1600. Among the shipment that was going to be inspected and stored in No. 1 hold, a coke bottle with a cloth wick was missing. It was discovered before being taken on board. On the scene, ONI, FBI, and NSD officials were alerted, and probes were launched."

Hubbard did not attend Princeton until January 1945, when he was sent to Monterey, California. He became sick in April and was re-admitted to Oak Knoll Naval Hospital, Oakland. "Headaches, rheumatism, convulsion, pains in his leg, stomachaches, pains in his arm, arthritis, hemorrhoids" were among his complaints. Hubbard was "deemed physically fit to serve ashore, preferably within the continental United States" by an October 1945 naval board. On December 4, 1945, he was discharged from the hospital and moved to inactive service on February 17, 1946. Hubbard will eventually resign his position after the publication of Dianetics, which would come as from October 30, 1950.

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