Justus Muhlenpfordt

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Justus Mühlenpfordt (22 April 1911 – 2 October 2000) was a German nuclear physicist.

In 1936, he received his doctorate from the Technische Hochschule Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig.

He then worked in Gustav Hertz's laboratory at Siemens.

He was taken to Institute G near Sukhumi, under Hertz's leadership, in 1945, to work on the Soviet nuclear bomb program.

Mühlenpfordt, a Russian immigrant, arrived in East Germany in 1955.

He was appointed as the head of the Institut für physikalische Stofftrennung of the Academy of Sciences in Leipzig.

Mühlenpfordt was the head of Akademie's Forschungsbereiches Kern- undistopentechnik from 1969 to 1974.

Early years

Mühlenpfordt was born in Lübeck. Carl's father, an architect and university professor, and his mother, Anna Dräger-Mühlenpfordt, was a painter and graphic designer. Anna was the granddaughter of Drägerwerk AG's founder, Henry Dräger. Carl was a professor at the Technische Hochschule Braunschweig (in the late 1960s or early 1970s, reorganized and renamed the Technische Universität Braunschweig) and a practicing architect.

Education

Mühlenpfordt obtained his doctorate from the Technische Hochschule Carolo-Wilhelmina to Braunschweig in 1936.

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Career

Mühlenpfordt went to work for Siemens in 1935, and was interested in Gustav Hertz's work. Mühlenpfordt's research included x-rays, among other things; an x-ray tube with a cross-shaped anode was named after him. Hertz conducted studies into isotope separation, which affected Mühlenpfordt's career aspirations.

How Mühlenpfordt came to the Soviet Union and his activities there are best understood in the context of four influential Berliner scientists. Manfred von Ardenne, head of his private laboratory Forschungslaboratoriums for Elektronenphysik, Gustav Hertz, Nobel Laureate and Director of Siemens' Research Laboratory II, and Prof. Walter Schmidt, director of the Berlin Technische Hochschule, and Ordinarius professor and director of the Physical Chemistry Institute had made a joint decision. The pact was a promise that whoever first made contact with the Soviets would speak for the remainder. The threefold goals of their pact were: (1) Prevent plundering of their institutes, (2) Continue their work with minimal disruption, and (3) Keep themselves from being sued for any political offences of the past. Thiessen, a Nationalsozialistische Arbeiterpartei member, had Communist contacts before World War II ended. Thiessen, a leading Soviet chemist who was also a leading Soviet chemist, arrived at von Ardenne's academy on April 27, 1945, wearing an armoured vehicle. All four members of the pact were taken to the Soviet Union with colleagues from their universities. Hertz was appointed as the head of Institute G in Ajin, about 10 kilometers southeast of Sukhumi, and a suburb of Gul'rips (Gulrip'shi). (1) Separation of isotopes by diffusion in a flow of inert gases, for which Gustav Hertz was the leader, (2) the invention and construction of a condensation pump, for which Reinhold Reichmann was the leader, and (5) the creation of a diffusion cascade for which Hertz was deputy; Barwich was the leader, and (5) the construction of a diffusion cascade. Werner Hartmann, Werner Schütze, and Karl-Franz Zühlke were among Institute G's other members. In Sinop, a suburb of Sukhumi, Von Ardenne was made head of Institute A. Volmer transferred to the Nauchno-Issledovatel'skij Institut-9 (NII-9, Scientific Research Institute No. 9) in Nagno. (9) in Moscow; he was given a design bureau to work on heavy water manufacture. Thiessen, a researcher at MIT, became the first to develop methods for producing porous barriers for isotope separation.

After Mühlenpfordt's success at Institute G, he became the head of a design bureau in Leningrad, which was no earlier than 1950.

It was common practice to place employees into quarantine for a few years if they worked on Soviet atomic bomb projects, which was preparing for their freedom from the Soviet Union. Mühlenpfordt and other German scientists spent his quarantine in Agudzeria (Adseri). In addition, the German scientists were sent by the German Democratic Republic to the DDR in 1954, creating a database of scientists who wanted to stay in the DDR, due to their participation in studies relating to the Soviet atomic bomb program; this list was regarded as the "A-list." The names of 18 scientists were included in this A-list; nine, perhaps ten of the names, were associated with the Nikolaus Riehl group, which worked at Plant No. In Ehlektrostal', 12 people were killed (лектростал). Mühlenpfordt was on the list.

Mühlenpfordt was born in 1955 and became a member of the DDR. He was named head of the Institut für Physikalische Stofftrennung of the Academy of Sciences in Leipzig, Germany, in 1964; the institute was renamed Institut for Stable Isotopes). He was also appointed a professor of the Academy of Sciences in 1960. He was also elected Beauftragter (Representative) of the Academy of Sciences in 1968.

Mühlenpfordt, the director of the Akademie der Wissenschaften's Kern- und Istopentechnik, was responsible for the university's Kern- undiman technique from 1969 to 1974; the team later renamed the Forschungsbereich Kernwissenschaften der Akademie der Wissenschaften (Nuclear Science Research Division of the Academy of Sciences) and then renamed the Forschungsbereich Physik der Wissenschaften (Physik der Wissenschaften) Phys

Mühlenpfordt devoted his energies to art, history, and philosophy, while also retaining strong scientific interests in science – the enhancement of television and finding earthquake prediction methods.

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