Julio Cortazar

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Julio Cortázar American, born Julio Cortázar American (26 August 1914 – 22 February 1984), was an Argentine novelist, short story writer, and essayist.

Cortázar, who is best known as one of the Latin American Boom's founders, influenced a whole generation of Spanish-speaking readers and writers in America and Europe.

Early life

Julio Cortázar was born in Ixelles, Belgium, on August 26, 1914. Julio José Cortázar and Mara Herminia Descotte, who were born in Argentina, and his father was stationed to the Argentine diplomatic service in Belgium, according to biographer Miguel Herráez.

The German troops of Kaiser Wilhelm II occupied Belgium at the time of Cortázar's birth. After German troops arrived in Belgium, Cortázar and his family migrated to Zürich, where Mara Herminia's parents, Victoria Gabel and Louis Descotte (a French National) were waiting in a neutral territory. The family lived in Zürich for the first two years before heading to Barcelona for a short period. By the 1919 census, the Cortázars had migrated outside of Buenos Aires.

The father of Correo died when Julio was six years old, and his family had no further contact with him. Corfield, a suburb south of Buenos Aires, spent the majority of his childhood with his mother and younger sister. The home in Banfield, with its back yard, was a source of inspiration for some of his stories. Despite this, he wrote a letter to Graciela M. de Solá on December 4, 1963, describing this period of his life as "full of servitude, overtouchiness, devastating, and regular sadness." He was a sick child and spent much of his childhood in bed reading. His mother, who spoke several languages and was an avid reader, introduced her son to Jules Verne's books, which Cortázar admired for the rest of his life. "I spent my childhood in a haze full of goblins and elves, with a sense of space and time that was different from everyone else's."

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Education and teaching career

Cortázar obtained a qualification as an elementary school teacher at the age of 18. He would later pursue higher education in philosophy and languages at the University of Buenos Aires Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, but left for financial reasons without receiving a degree. According to biographer Montes-Bradley, Cortázar taught in at least two high schools in Buenos Aires Province, one in the city of Chivilcoy, the other in Bolivar. In 1938, using the pseudonym of Julio Denis, he self-published a volume of sonnets, Presencia, which he later repudiated, saying in a 1977 interview for Spanish television that publishing it was his only transgression to the principle of not publishing any books until he was convinced that what was written in them was what he meant to say. In 1944, he became professor of French literature at the National University of Cuyo in Mendoza, but owing to political pressure from Peronists, he resigned the position in June 1946. He subsequently worked as a translator and as director of the Cámara Argentina del Libro, a trade organization. In 1949 he published a play, Los Reyes (The Kings), based on the myth of Theseus and the Minotaur. In 1980, Cortázar delivered eight lectures at the University of California, Berkeley.

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