Josef Mengele

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Josef Mengele, born in Germany, Todesengel (German: Todesengel) and the White Angel (German: der Weisse Engel or Weißer Engel), was a German Schutzstaffel (SS) officer and doctor in the Auschwitz concentration camp during World War II.

He carried out lethal human experiments on prisoners and was a member of the team of doctors who selected victims to be killed in the gas chambers.

Arrivals that were determined fit to work were allowed to work, while those who were not suitable for work were sent to the gas chambers to be killed.

Mengele was moved 280 kilometers (170 mi) from Auschwitz to the Gross-Rosen concentration camp on January 17, 1945, only ten days before the Soviet forces arrived in Auschwitz.

He escaped to South America after the war, where he escaped capture for the remainder of his life. Mengele had earned doctorates in anthropology and medicine before starting to work as an investigator.

He joined the Nazi Party in 1937 and 1938, and the SS in 1938.

He was assigned as a battalion medical officer at the start of World War II, later moved to the Nazi concentration camps service in early 1943 and assigned to Auschwitz, where he was able to perform genetic research on human subjects.

His subsequent experiments mainly concentrated on twins, with no or no concern for the health or safety of the victims.

He began in and around Buenos Aires, then migrated to Paraguay and Brazil in 1960, assassinated by West Germany, Israel, and Nazi hunters such as Simon Wiesenthal, who wanted to bring him to justice.

Despite extradition demands from the West German government and clandestine operations by Israel intelligence agency Mossad, Mengele escaped capture.

He drowned in 1979 after suffering a stroke while swimming off the coast of Brazil, and was buried under the false name Wolfgang Gerhard.

Mengele's remains were disinterred and positively identified by forensic examination in 1985.

Early life

Mengele was born in Günzburg on March 16, 1911, the eldest of three sons of Walburga (née Hupfauer) and Karl Mengele. Karl Jr. and Alois were his two younger brothers. They father was the founder of the Karl Mengele & Sons company (later renamed Mengele Agrartechnik), which manufactured farming machines. Mengele was a student who excelled at school and aspired to pursue music, painting, and skiing. In April 1930, he completed high school and then went on to study philosophy in Munich, where the Nazi Party's headquarters were located. He took his medical preliminary examination at the University of Bonn. He joined Der Stahlhelm, a paramilitary group that was integrated into the Nazi Sturmabteilung in 1931 ('Storm Detachment'; SA) in 1934. Mengele obtained a PhD in anthropology from the University of Munich in 1935. In January 1937, he joined the Institute for Hereditary Biology and Racial Hygiene in Frankfurt, where he worked with Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer, a German geneticist with a keen interest in studying twins.

Mengele, Von Verschuer's assistant, concentrated on the genetics that resulted in a cleft lip and palate, or a cleft chin. In 1938, he received a coveted doctorate in medicine (MD) from the University of Frankfurt. (Both of his degrees were withheld by the 1960s' issuing universities.) Von Verschuer praised Mengele's reliability and his ability to verbally deliver difficult information in a concise way in a letter of recommendation. Mengele's published papers were in keeping with the academic mainstream of the time, according to American author Robert Jay Lifton, and may have been seen as valid scientific efforts even outside of Nazi Germany.

Mengele married Irene Schönbein, whom he had encountered while working as a medical resident in Leipzig on July 28th. Rolf, the family's only son, was born in 1944.

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