Jose Antonio Aguirre

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José Antonio Aguirre y Lecube (26 March 1904 – March 22, 1960) was a Basque king and feminist who served in the Basque Nationalist Party.

He served as both the first president of the Provisional Government of Basque Country and the executive's defense advisor during the Spanish Civil War.

The Provisional Government created the Basque Army and fought for the Second Spanish Republic under his mandate.

Early life

José Antonio Aguirre was born in Bilbao, Biscay, Spain. He attended Ikastola, the first school in the Basque country, where all lessons were taught in Basque. He later earned a degree in law at the University of Deusto.

Aguirre and his family migrated to Algorta, near Bilbao, after his father's death in 1920. At 16 years of age, he had to become a father figure to his ten younger brothers and sisters.

After finishing his law studies, he began working in Chocolates Aguirre, a family run business. He later took responsibility for the company and introduced a variety of changes, including free health care and paid holidays, which greatly improved the factory's working conditions. He also devoted a portion of the company's income to the homeless and advocated for social housing. Chocolates Bilbanos S.A. was Spain's second-largest company until 1937.

Aguirre was a footballer for Athletic Bilbao, winning the Copa del Rey with the club in 1923. He was one of the main promoters of the Basque Country national football team, which competed in Europe and the Americas to raise funds for Basque refugee children whose parents had been forced into exile during the Spanish Civil War.

After completing his military service, he began serving as an advocate at Esteban Bilbao's office in 1926. He formed his own company, which concentrated on political issues and the working conditions of the lower class soon after.

The dictator Miguel Primo de Rivera ruled Spain at the time. Aguirre, a Basque nationalist, has joined the Basque Nationalist Party. Later, the party was split into two political parties. Aguirre protested the split, arguing that the Basque Country was above all others. In 1930, he attempted to unify the two groups and was successful.

Aguirre has been active in politics and published articles in newspapers Euzko Gaztedia and Euzkadi. In 1932, he suggested that the party admit people who were not born in the Basque Country as an example of his integrist views and new ideals.

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Early political career

In Spain, a new political era began after the totalitarianism of Primo de Rivera ended in 1930. Aguirre's 1931 and 1932 reigns in failed Basque devolution attempts that called for self-government, including Navarre.

A referendum was held in lava, Gipuzkoa, and Biscay on new wording for the Statute of Devolution, which barred the inclusion of Navarre. A vast majority supported the wording (459,000 votes in favour and 14,000 against), but not so many in favor of reeving 50% in lava.

Because of the dissolution of the legislature for the general election, the skepticism of radical government, and Carlist resistance to the incorporation of lava in the legislative process, devolution was delayed until October 1, 1936, the Spanish Civil War began.

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