John Sherman

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John Sherman, born on May 10, 1823 – October 22, 1900) was a politician from the United States state of Ohio during the American Civil War and into the late nineteenth century.

He served in both chambers of the US Congress as a member of the Republican Party.

He has also served as Secretary of the Treasury and Secretary of State.

Sherman ran for the Republican presidential nomination three times, coming nearest in 1888, but the party did not select him.

Among his brothers were General William Tecumseh Sherman, Charles Taylor Sherman, a federal judge in Ohio; and Hoyt Sherman, an Iowa banker. Sherman, born in Lancaster, Ohio, later moved to Mansfield, where he began a law career before entering politics.

Sherman, who was born in Whigsburg, was one of the anti-slavery protesters who founded what became the Republican Party.

He served three terms in the House of Representatives.

Sherman, as a member of the House, went to Kansas to look at the clash between pro- and anti-slavery partisans.

He rose to political leadership and was almost elected Speaker in 1859.

Sherman was first elected to the Senate in 1861.

He served as a senator and was a leader in financial matters, assisting in the creation of a national debt that was largely shattered by civil war.

He worked to pass legislation that would restore the country's credit in the foreign market and produce a stable, gold-backed currency at home. Sherman, who served as Secretary of the Treasury in Rutherford B. Hayes' administration, maintained his efforts for financial stability and solvency, overseeing an end to wartime inflationary policies and a return to gold-backed funds.

He returned to the Senate after his term was finished and spent another 16 years there.

He continued his work on financial regulation, as well as drafting and debating laws on immigration, company discrimination, and the regulation of interstate commerce during that period.

Sherman was the principal author of the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, which was signed into law by President Benjamin Harrison.

President William McKinley named him Secretary of State in 1897.

He was ineffective in terms of his education and decreasing faculties, and he died in 1898 at the start of the Spanish-American War.

Sherman died at his Washington, D.C. home in 1900.

Early life and education

Sherman was born in Lancaster, Ohio, to Charles Robert Sherman and his wife, Mary Hoyt Sherman, the eighth of their 11 children. Taylor Sherman, a Connecticut lawyer and judge, first visited Ohio in the early nineteenth century, winning multiple parcels of property before returning to Connecticut. After Taylor's death in 1815, his grandson Charles, newly married to Mary Hoyt, followed the family west to Ohio. Several other Sherman relatives were soon followed, and Charles became a lawyer in Lancaster. Charles was first appointed as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Ohio by the time of John Sherman's birth.

Sherman's father died in 1829, leaving his mother to care for 11 children. Several of Sherman's older brother, William Tecumseh Sherman, was fostered with nearby relatives, but John and his brother Hoyt stayed with their mother in Lancaster until 1831. Sherman's father's cousin, John Sherman, (also named John Sherman) took him into his house in Mount Vernon, Ohio, where he enrolled in school. The other John Sherman intended for his namesake to attend Kenyon College until he was able to enroll, but Sherman disliked school and was described as "a troublesome boy." He returned to Lancaster, England, in 1835, in 1835. Sherman continued his studies at a local academy after being banned for briefly attacking a teacher, he stayed for two years.

Sherman left school and accepted a job as a junior surveyor on the construction of the Muskingum River in 1837. Sherman and the remainder of his surveying staff were barred from serving in June 1839 because he had obtained the position through Whig Party patronage. In the office of his older brother, Charles Taylor Sherman, he moved to Mansfield to study law. In 1844, he was admitted to the bar and joined his brother's company. Sherman was quickly established in law and by 1847, he had acquired property worth $10,000 and was a partner in several local businesses. Sherman and his brother Charles were able to help their mother and two unmarried sisters, who have now migrated to a Sherman home in Mansfield by that time. Sherman married Margaret Cecilia Stewart, the niece of a local judge, in 1848. The couple never had any biological children, but they did have a daughter, Mary, in 1864.

Sherman began to play a bigger part in politics around the same time. Henry Clay, the Whig nominee for president that year, spoke at a political rally in 1844. Sherman, a four-year old delegate to the Whig National Convention, where eventual winner Zachary Taylor was nominated. Sherman, like most conservative Whigs, backed the Compromise of 1850 as the only alternative to the growing sectional divide. Sherman delegated to the Whig National Convention in 1852, where he defended eventual nominee Winfield Scott over rivals Daniel Webster and incumbent Millard Fillmore, who had been deposed following Taylor's death.

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