James G. Birney

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Born in Danville, Kentucky, James Gillespie Birney (February 4, 1792 – November 25, 1857) was an abolitionist, politician, and attorney.

He founded The Philanthropist, an abolitionist weekly newspaper, and he served as the presidential candidate for the anti-slavery Liberty Party twice. Since graduating from the College of New Jersey and studying under Alexander J. Dallas, Birney pursued a law career in Danville.

He volunteered for Henry Clay's campaigns, served on the town council, and became a Freemason.

He gained election to the Kentucky House of Representatives as a member of the Democratic-Republican Party in 1816.

In 1818, he established a cotton plantation in Madison County, Alabama, and the following year, he regained the Alabama House of Representatives office.

Birney later sold the plantation and opened a law firm in Huntsville, Alabama, becoming one of the region's most respected attorneys. Birney became more troubled by slavery during the 1820s.

He became a member of the American Colonization Society, which argued for African Americans' migration to Africa's continent.

Birney, a former employee of the company, started calling for the freedom of slavery immediately.

In 1835, he immigrated to Cincinnati, establishing The Philanthropist the following year.

He was also a member of the American Anti-Slavery Society but resigned from the group due to his opposition to equal rights for women.

Birney accepted the Liberty Party's nomination in 1840 and gained 0.3 percent of the popular vote.

In 1844, he accepted the Liberty Party nomination again, receiving 2.3% of the popular vote, behind James K. Polk and Clay.

Birney immigrated to Michigan in 1841 and helped develop Bay City, Michigan.

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