James K. Baxter
James K. Baxter was born in Dunedin, Otago Region, New Zealand on June 29th, 1926 and is the Poet. At the age of 46, James K. Baxter biography, profession, age, height, weight, eye color, hair color, build, measurements, education, career, dating/affair, family, news updates, and networth are available.
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James Keir Baxter (born June 1926 – October 22, 1972) was a New Zealand poet and playwright.
He has also worked as an advocate for the preservation of Maori culture.
Early life
Baxter was born in Dunedin as the second son of Archibald Baxter and Millicent Brown, and he grew up near Brighton, 20 km south of Dunedin city. He was named after James Keir Hardie, the British Labour Party's founder.
During WWII, Baxter's father had been a conscient objector, and both his parents, who were active pacifists and socialists. At the Presbyterian Ladies' College, Sydney, Australia, and Newnham College, University of Cambridge, his mother had studied Latin, French, and German. Baxter and his brother were not baptized, though their mother would read to them occasionally from the Bible. 7 On his first day of school at Brighton Primary School (now Big Rock Primary School), Baxter burned his hand on a grill and later used this event to represent institutional education's deficency.
The family moved to Wanganui, where Baxter and his brother attended St Johns Hill School, and the following year, they returned to England and attended Sibford School in the Cotswolds. Both schools were Quaker schools and boarding schools. 9:30 – 9:30 The family moved to New Zealand in 1938. "I was born in New Zealand and grew up with others until I was nine years old," Baxter said, then returned to New Zealand at thirteen, becoming out of touch with my childhood friends and uncertain if I was an Englishman or a New Zealander.
At the age of seven, Baxter began writing poetry, and he assembled a substantial body of technically accomplished work both before and during his teenage years.
Baxter began attending King's High School, Dunedin, where he was mocked because of his appearance, voice, and background), a lack of enthusiasm in team sports, and his family's pacifism. Terence, his older brother, was a conscient objector like his father and was detained in military camps from 1941 to 1945 for refusing to fight in World War II. Baxter wrote around 600 poems between 1942 and 1946, claiming that his teenage years were painful but that "the poems were able to develop.": 15
"I should have written if I could." Baxter's last year of high school wrote to a friend that he was considering becoming a lawyer but "not decided on it": "I would happily live by writing." Many men had hoped to do so, but it turned out to be an illusion.": 17
Life and career
Baxter began studying at the University of Otago in March 1944, at the age of seventeen. 18 He published his first collection of poetry, Beyond the Palisade, in the same year, receiving acclaim. Allen Curnow selected six poems from the collection's A Book of New Zealand Verse 1923-1945, including "a new occurrence in New Zealand": "strong in impulse and secure in innovation, with the characteristics of youth in verse, which we'd lacked." Baxter's poem "Convoys" received the Macmillan Brown Prize this year. John Macmillan Brown, a Scottish maternal grandfather, was coincidentally named after the award.
Baxter's career during this period was as varied as with his younger compatriots, most notably Janet Frame's experimental novelist, who was heavily inspired by Dylan Thomas's modernist works. He was a member of the so-called "Wellington Group" of writers, which also included Louis Johnson, W.H. Oliver and Alistair Campbell are two brothers who play for the United States and Alistair Te Ariki Campbell. Baxter wrote short lyrical poems or cycles of the same rather than long poems.
Baxter registered as a conscient objector on his eighteenth birthday on June 29, 1944, like his father and brother, citing "religious and humanitarian" reasons. Despite being late in the conflict, the authorities did not pursue him.: 20
Baxter failed to complete his degree work at the University of Otago due to rising alcoholism, and he was forced to work a variety of odd jobs from 1945 to 2007. In his only book Horse, which was published posthumously in 1985, he narrated these experiences. He had his first serious relationship with a young medical student at the time, but it was broken due to his alcoholism. 24 He wrote the collection of poems about this early failing marriage, but it was not published until after his death in 1996.
Baxter, a late 1947, migrated to Christchurch, where he continued to do odd jobs. Despite the fact that he did not enrol at the University of Canterbury, he became the literary editor of the University of Canterbury's student newspaper Canta and attended some lectures. 35 His behavior could be erratic as a result of his alcoholism. In 1948, Blow, Wind of Fruitfulness, his second collection, Blow, Wind of Fruitfulness, was released, and its subjects included the New Zealand landscape and solitude. "The most original of New Zealand poets now living," Curnow described Baxter as "the most original of New Zealand poets now living."
In 1948, Baxter married Jacquie Sturm at St John's Cathedral, Napier, and his growing interest in Christianity culminated in his joining the Anglican Church and being baptized during the same year. They migrated to Wellington, and Baxter graduated at Wellington Teachers' College in February 1951. In 1952, Baxter's poems were published in Poems Unpleasant, a collection of poems by Louis Johnson and Anton Vogt. He began teaching in December 1952 and released The Fallen House, his third major collection of poems. He was named assistant master at Epuni School, Lower Hutt, in 1954, and it was here that he wrote a series of children's poems, which were later published as The Tree House and Other Poems for Children (1974).
Hilary was born in 1949 and John, his son, was born in 1952.
Baxter joined Alcoholics Anonymous in late 1954, quickly achieving sobriety, and in 1955, he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree from Victoria University College. In 1955, he had inherited a substantial inheritance from a great-aunt and was able to purchase a house for the family in Ngaio, Wellington. 45 He began attending Epuni School in 1956 to write and edit primary school bulletins for the Department of Education's School Publications Branch. This period is expected to have influenced his later writing, which criticizes bureaucracy.
Baxter, a poet from 1957, took a course in Roman Catholicism and his book In Fires of No Return, which was published in 1958 by Oxford University Press, was inspired by his new faith. This was his first work to be widely distributed in the world, but it wasn't particularly well-received. The wife of Baxter's convert to Catholicism was dismayed by his conversion, but it was partially because of his conversion that they broke in 1957. Baxter admitted that his conversion was "just the first step in a string of injuries, alcoholism, and gross mistakes," he told a friend. 51. Through the late 1950s and 60s, Baxter visited the Southern Star Abbey, a Cistercian monastery at Kopua, near Central Hawke's Bay. In 1958, he was baptized into the Catholic Church.
Baxter's later community in Jerusalem, New Zealand, was inspired by the university's Shantiniketan's university in 1958. He was reconciled with his wife and contracted dysentery in India. His writing after returning from India was more dismissive of New Zealand society, as shown in the collection Howrah Bridge and Other Poems (1961). He was particularly worried about the displacement of Mori within the region.
Baxter made a name for himself in the late 1950s and 1960s as a prolific writer of both poetry and drama, and it was because of his 1958 radio play Jack Winter's Dream that he became internationally known. The play was produced by the New Zealand Broadcasting Service for radio, 53 and 1978, it was adapted for the screen by New Zealand filmmaker David Sims.
Baxter was also struggling to make ends meet on a postman's salary, having resigned from the Department of Education in 1963 and refused to serve as a schoolmaster in the first half of the 1960s. 64–65 He also sluggishly attacked The Penguin Book of New Zealand Verse, his former champion Allen Curnow's anthology, for younger New Zealand poets who are under-representing younger New Zealand poets. 56 However, in 1966 Baxter's critically acclaimed collection of poems Pig Island Letters, in which his writing reached a new degree of clarity, was published. Baxter received the Robert Burns Fellowship at the University of Otago in 1966, which alleviated money worries for a while. He held the fellowship for two years, during which he served in anti-Vietarian demonstrations. Patric Carey, the director of Dunedin, also had a few of his plays staged at the Globe Theatre during the fellowship.
In 1968, Baxter told his friend John Weir that he had been told in a dream to "Go to Jerusalem" in a letter. On the Wanganui River, Jerusalem, New Zealand, was a small Mori settlement (known as Hiruh'rama) on the Wanganui River. With nothing but a bible, he left his academic position and a career composing catechetical papers for the Catholic Education Board. This was the culmination of a short period in which he had a difficult relationship with family life and his calling as a poet.
Baxter spent some time in Grafton, Auckland, where he operated on the same principles as Alcoholics Anonymous. Baxter worked as a cleaner at Chelsea Sugar Refinery, which inspired the poem Ballad of the Stonegut Sugar Works around this time. 91 He had been referred to the job by poet Hone Tuwhare. Hemi, also adopted the Mori version of his name.
Baxter travelled to Jerusalem around July or August 1969, the time when "a tiny Mori settlement" was "a live priest, a convent, a convent, resident nuns, and some abandoned dwellings were among the ruins. "93–94 Baxter lived in a cottage owned by the Sisters of Compassion and obtained permission for a long stay from the sisters' mother general. 94 He began to found a Mori communal life based on "spiritual aspects of Mori life." It was a place where he felt he could represent both his Catholic faith and his interest in Mori history. He lived a povertyful and lonely existence, traveled to the nearby cities where he worked with the homeless and protested what he saw as a social system that discourages poverty. His poems of this period, published in his final collections, Jerusalem Sonnets (1970) and Autumn Testament (1972), have a conversational tone but they also emphasize his social and political convictions.
The commune's success soared, in part thanks to an article in the Sunday Times newspaper in June 1970, and by mid-1970, about 25 people were living in the neighborhood. 107 By May 1971, the population increased to 40 permanent residents, many aged between 16 and 25, who were housed in three abandoned buildings, and the number of visitors was estimated at around a thousand per year. 110 "To share one's products; to tell the truth, not hiding one's heart from others; To love one another and display it by the embrace; To work in no position where one has to lick the boss's arse; and To learn from the Maori perspective. 109 He was, however, reluctant to enforce any kind of regulations or work roster.: 111
The increased number of residents and visitors, as well as the lack of order and control, culminated in increasing anxiety among local people, particularly the local Mori iwi, Ngti Hau. 111 Baxter was often absent from the commune that was participating in demonstrations or other social activities. 111 The commune was disbanded under pressure from the council and local farmers in September 1971. Baxter returned to Wellington in February 1972, but only 10 people were allowed to live on the property at any time.
Baxter's severe deprivations took their toll on his health. He was too ill to continue living in Jerusalem by 1972 and moved to another commune near Auckland. He died in a nearby house on October 22, 1972, after suffering a coronary thrombosis on the street and died in a nearby house. In a celebration combining Mori and Catholic traditions, he was buried at Jerusalem on Mori land in front of "the Top House" where he had lived. On the burial site, a river boulder was engraved with his Mori name Hemi.