Henry Maudslay
Henry Maudslay was born in Woolwich, England, United Kingdom on August 22nd, 1771 and is the Entrepreneur. At the age of 59, Henry Maudslay biography, profession, age, height, weight, eye color, hair color, build, measurements, education, career, dating/affair, family, news updates, and networth are available.
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Henry Maudslay (pronounced and spelling) (22 August 1771 – 14 February 1831) was an English machine tool designer, tool and die maker, and engraver.
He is considered to be the inventor of machine tool technology.
His inventions were a major catalyst for the Industrial Revolution.
Standard screw thread lengths were produced by Maudslay's invention of a metal lathe to cut metal, circa 1800.
Standard screw thread sizes made it possible to manufacture interchangeable parts as well as mass production.
Early life
Maudslay was the fifth of seven children of Henry Maudslay's reign, as a wheelwright in the Royal Engineers, and Margaret (nee Whitaker), Joseph Laundy's young widow. His father was wounded in combat and, in 1756, he became a 'artificer' at the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich (then in Kent), where he stayed until 1776 and died in 1780. The family lived in an alley that no longer exists off Beresford Square, between Powis Street and Beresford Streets.
Personal life
He married Sarah Tindel, the housemaid, of Bramah, and the four sons were married together in 1791: Thomas Henry, the oldest, and Joseph, the youngest, joined Joseph in business. William, the second, became a civil engineer and was one of the Institute of Civil Engineers' founders.
Maudslay, astrologer, took an interest in astronomy and began to build a telescope near the end of his life. He wanted to buy a house in Norwood and build a private observatory there, but he died before he was able to fulfill his dream. He had a chill while crossing the English Channel in January 1831 after visiting a friend in France. He was sick for four weeks and died on February 14, 1831. He was buried in St Mary Magdalen Woolwich's churchyard; he conceived the monument in its Lady Chapel.
Career
Maudslay's first job as a "powder monkey" was employed in filling cartridges at the Arsenal at the age of 12. He was moved to a carpenter's shop and then a blacksmith's forge, where he started training as a blacksmith at the age of fifteen. He seems to have specialized in the lighter, more complex kind of forge work. Maudslay worked at the Royal Foundry, where Jan Verbruggen had installed an innovative horizontal boring machine in 1772 during his time at Arsenal.
Maudslay gained such a good name that Joseph Bramah requested his assistance on the recommendation of one of his employees. While Bramah was shocked that he was only eighteen, Maudslay demonstrated his talent and began working at Bramah's workshop in Danzig, St Giles. Reginald Gilbert was surprised that he was pleasantly surprised that he was only eighteen.
Bramah created and patented an improved lock based on the tumbler principle, but was unable to produce at an economic rate. Maudslay invented the lock that was on display in Bramah's shop window with a note offering a 200 guineas to anyone who would choose it. For the past 47 years, it has defsisted all attempts. Maudslay developed and manufactured a set of special tools and machines that allowed the lock to be produced at a reasonable price.
Bramah had developed a hydraulic press but was having trouble sealing both the piston and the piston rod where it was attached to the cylinder. Hemp packing was the most common method, but the pressures were too high for this to work. Maudslay entertained the prospect of a leather cup washer, which gave a perfect seal but no resistance to movement when pressure was applied. The latest hydraulic press was a hit every day. Maudslay, a major contributor to the company's success, was given no credit for it.
Maudslay invented the first industrially useful screw-cutting lathe in 1800, which allowed for the first time standardization of screw thread sizes. This enabled the idea of interchangeable parts (an idea that was still in vogue) to be practically applied to nuts and bolts.
The traditional lathe was used by a treadle and the worker held the cutting device against the work when Maudslay first started working in Bramah, and the workman carried the cutting device against the body. Screw threads were usually made by chipping and filing, particularly in cutting iron, so screw threads were generally made by chipping and filing (that is, with specialized freehand use of chisels and files). Nuts were unusual; metal screws, if they were ever made, were typically meant to be used in wood. On the other hand, metal bolts from wood framing to a metal fastening were usually fastened in non-threaded manners (such as clinching or upsetting against a washer).
Maudslay invented a tool holder into which the cutting blade would be clamped, and that would slide on properly planed surfaces to enable the cutting tool to move in either direction. The slide rest was mounted by a leadcrew to which power was transferred by a pair of changeable gears in such a proportion to the work's turning. Screw threads could be precisely cut thanks to this technique. Changing the gears brought different pitches. Precision parts manufacturing was revolutionized by the slide-rest lathe's ability to produce precision parts. He standardized the screw threads used in his workshop and produced a series of taps and dies that would make nuts and bolts exactly to those specifications, so that any bolt of the correct size would fit any nut of the same size. This was a major leap in workshop technology.
Maudslay did not invent the slide-rest (as others like James Nasmyth have stated), and may not have been the first to combine a lead screw, slide rest, and a set of change gears, sparking a significant improvement in machine tools and the use of screw threads in engineering (Jesse Ramsden may have done this in 1775).
The original screw-cutting lathe in Maudslay is on display at the Science Museum in London.
Maudslay had already proven himself to be a natural performer, and after one year the nineteen-year-old was appointed manager of Bramah's workshop, he had to be a man of honor.
Maudslay, who had worked with Bramah for eight years, was refused a wage increase until a week, so he decided to start his own business in 1797. In 1798, he established a small store and smithy in Wells Street, off Oxford Street. He moved to larger premises in Margaret Street, Cavendish Square, in 1800.
Maudslay was already employed 80 employees and running out of space in his workshop by 1810, and has since been relocated to larger premises in Westminster Bridge Road, Lambeth. Joshua Field, a promising young Admiralty draughtsman who was so gifted that Maudslay accepted him as a collaborator. When Maudslay's sons became employees, the firm became Maudslay, Sons and Field.
Sir Marc Isambard Brunel's first big commission was to build a series of 42 woodworking machines to produce wooden rigging blocks for the Navy. The machines were installed in Portsmouth Block Mills, which still exist, and include some of the original equipment. The machines were capable of producing 130,000 ships' blocks per year, but only ten unskilled men were able to operate them compared to the 110 skilled workers who were needed prior to their installation. This was the first well-known example of specialized machinery used for machining in an assembly-lined factory.
Maudslay invented the first bench micrometer capable of measuring to one tenth of an inch (0.0001 in 3 mm). Since it was used to answer any questions regarding workmanship, he referred to it as the "Lord Chancellor."
Lambeth Works in Maudslay began to specialize in the manufacture of marine steam engines. He used a side-lever engine, in which a beam was mounted alongside the cylinder. Steamer engine rooms were reduced as a result of this reduced height. In 1815, his first marine engine was built to a Thames steamer named the Richmond, at 17 h.p. The Lightning, the first steam-powered vessel to be commissioned by the Royal Navy, was powered by a Maudslay engine in 1823. A side-lever engine with a capacity of 400 horsepower was built in 1829. The HMS Dee, which was completed in a single day, was the world's biggest marine engine at that time.
Joseph Maudslay, Henry's third son (1801-1861) founded the marine engine business. He had worked in shipbuilding at Northfleet and joined Joshua Field as a partner in his father's business, trading as Maudslay, Sons, and Field of North Lambeth. The Lambeth works produced a 750 h.p. in 1838, following Henry's death. The engine of the Isambard Kingdom Brunel's SS Great Western, the first purpose-built transatlantic steamship, was a steam locomotive. In 1839, they developed a double-cylinder direct acting engine. They introduced some of the first screw propulsion units for ships, including one for the first Admiralty screw steamship, HMS Rattler, in 1841. By 1850, the company had produced more than 200 vessels with steam engines, but John Penn's trunk engine technology had threatened the company's dominance, putting the firm's dominant position in the industry was being questioned. At the 1862 International Exhibition, they displayed their engines.
Marc Isambard Brunel began working on the Thames Tunnel, which was supposed to connect Rotherhithe and Wapping in 1825. This first tunnel under the Thames in 1842 was completed after many challenges. Without the innovative tunneling shield provided by Marc Brunel and Maudslay Sons & Field at their Lambeth works, the tunnel would not have been possible. Maudslay also manufactured the steam-driven pumps that were used to maintain the tunnel workings dry.
