Geraldine Ferraro

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Geraldine Ferraro (August 26, 1935-2011) was an American lawyer and Democratic Party politician who served in the United States House of Representatives.

She was the first female vice presidential candidate for a major party in 1984. Ferraro grew up in New York City and spent as a public school coach before beginning to train as a lawyer.

She began working with the Queens County District Attorney's Office in 1974, leading the newly created Special Victims Bureau, which dealt with child violence, sex crimes, and domestic violence.

She was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1978, where she rose quickly in the party's hierarchy while focusing on reforming gender equality for women in the areas of salaries, pensions, and retirement planning. Former vice president and presidential candidate Walter Mondale, who was seen as an underdog, picked Ferraro to be his running mate in the forthcoming election in 1984.

Ferraro became the first Italian American to run as a national nominee in addition to being the first woman.

According to the positive polls, the Mondale-Ferraro ticket was accepted as she started to fade as troubling questions about her and her businessman husband's finances and wealth, as well as her congressional disclosure statements emerged.

In the general election, Mondale and Ferraro were defeated in a landslide run by incumbent President Ronald Reagan and Vice President George H. W. Bush. Ferraro ran for a seat in the United States Senate from New York in 1992 and 1998, both times starting as the front-runner for her party's nomination before losing in the primary election.

During Bill Clinton's presidential administration, she served as a United States Ambassador to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights from 1993 to 1996.

She continued her career as a reporter, author, and businesswoman, as well as participating in Senator Hillary Clinton's campaign in 2008.

Ferraro died on March 26, 2011, from multiple myeloma, 12 years after being diagnosed.

Early life and education

Geraldine Ferraro was born in Newburgh, New York, on August 26, 1935, the niece of Antonetta L. Ferraro (née Corte) and Dominick Ferraro, an Italian immigrant (from Marcianise, Campania), and the proprietor of two restaurants. She had three brothers before her, but one died in infancy and another at age three. Ferraro attended Mount Saint Mary's parochial school in Newburgh as a child. In May 1944, her father died of a heart attack when she was eight years old. Ferraro's mother jumped into and lost the majority of the family's money, causing the family to move to a low-income area in the South Bronx shortly after Ferraro's mother worked in the garment industry to assist them.

Ferraro remained a boarder at Mount Saint Mary's for a while, then attended a parochial school in the South Bronx for a short time. She attended and lived at the Parochial Marymount Academy in Tarrytown, New York, beginning in 1947, utilizing funds from a family's rental property in Italy and skipping seventh grade. Marymount Ferraro, a member of several clubs and sports, was voted most likely to succeed in 1952 and graduated in 1952. Despite an uncle in the family's saying, "Why bother?" her mother was insistent that she obtains a complete education. She's pretty. She's a princess. "She'll get married." Ferraro received a scholarship at Marymount Manhattan College, though he was often working two or three jobs at the same time. During her senior year, she began dating John Zaccaro of Forest Hills, Queens, who had graduated from Iona College with a commission in the United States Marine Corps. Ferraro earned a Bachelor of Arts in English in 1956; she was the first woman in her family to earn a college degree. She obtained a teaching license after passing the city exam to become a licensed school teacher.

Ferraro began teaching elementary school in public schools in Astoria, Queens, "because that's what women were supposed to do." Unsatisfied, she decided to enroll in law school; an admissions officer told her, "I hope you're serious, Gerry." You're taking a man's place, you know." She earned her Juris Doctor degree with distinction from Fordham University School of Law in 1960, returning to classes at night while still working as a second-grade teacher at schools such as P.S. During the day, there were 57 people on the streets. Ferraro was one of only two women in her grading class of 179. In March 1961, she was admitted to the bar of New York State.

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Business careers, illness, and medical activism are all influencing.

Ferraro co-founded the National Organization of Italian American Women in 1980, aiming to promote the educational and career aspirations of its members and introduce role models in order to combat ethnic stereotyping. Ferraro was affiliated with several other political and non-profit groups. She served as a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and a board member of the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs. In 1989, she became the president of the newly founded International Institute for Women's Political Leadership. She was on the founding board of Project Vote Smart in 1992. She was on the Board of Visitors of the Fordham Law School, as well as on the boards of the National Breast Cancer Research Fund, the New York Easter Seal Society, and the Pension Rights Center, and she was one of hundreds of public figures on the Planned Parenthood Federation of America's Board of Advocates. She joined the Bertarelli Foundation in 1999 and then became the board of the National Women's Health Resource Center in 2003. Lori Berenson was on the board of advisors to the committee in the 2000s.

Framing a Life: Ferraro released a Family Memoir in November 1998. It depicts her mother's life story and immigrant grandmother's; it also portrays the remainder of her family's life, but not so much of her political career.

Ferraro had been unusually drained at the end of her second senate campaign. Multiple myeloma, a form of blood cancer in which plasma cells secretly produce abnormal antibodies that can cause bone disintegrate and release harmful quantities of calcium into the bloodstream, was diagnosed in November 1998. She did not publicly disclose her illness until June 2001, when she went to Washington to successfully press for the passage of the Hematological Cancer Research and Education Act in Congressional hearings. The Geraldine Ferraro Cancer Education Program, which encourages the US Secretary of Health and Human Services to establish a blood cancer and general public education program. Ferraro, a frequent speaker on the disease and an active contributor and honorary board member of the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation, has been a frequent speaker and honorary board member.

Though she was only given three to five years to live in 2005, by a combination of many new drug therapies and a bone marrow transplant, she would beat the disease's Stage 1 survival rate of 62 months by a factor of two. Her advocacy helped get the new medications approved and available to others as well. Ferraro did not recover from remission for a large portion of her life, but her disease was not cured by consistently changing her medications.

Ferraro became a regular political commentator on Fox News Channel in October 1999. She was making sporadic appearances on the channel by 2005 and beyond, which continued into 2007. Laura Ingraham, a former employee of Laura Ingraham, contributed to the beginning of 2000 presidential election for The New York Times Syndicate as a writer. Ferraro was an affiliated faculty member of the Georgetown Public Policy Institute during the 2000s.

Ferraro and Lynn Martin, a former Republican congresswoman and United States Secretary of Labor who served as co-presidents of, G&L Strategies, a management consulting firm under Weber McGinn, started in January 2000. Its aim was to advise businesses on how to attract more female executives and make their workplaces more accessible to female employees. G&L Strategies became part of Golin Harris International later in life. Ferraro was appointed executive vice president and managing director of the Global Consulting Group, Huntsworth's international investor relations and corporate communications group, in June 2003. She worked with companies, non-profit organisations, state governments, and political figures in those times. She stayed on as a senior advisor for about two days a month.

She and her husband moved to Manhattan in 2002 after living in Forest Hills Gardens, Queens, for many years. Ferraro: My Story was a bestseller in 2004 and she wrote a postscript summarizing her life in the 20 years since the campaign.

Ferraro joined the board of directors of Goodrich Petroleum as a director from August 2003. In the 1990s, she was also a board member for New York Bancorp.

Ferraro joined the Blank Rome law firm in February 2007, spending both in New York and Washington for two days a week in their lobbying and communications activities. She was grateful for being alive and said, "This is about as old as I get," and that if she completely retired, she would "go nuts."

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