Francois Hollande

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François Gérard Georges Hollande (born 12 August 1954) is a French politician who served as President of France and ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra from 2012 to 2017.

He served as the First Secretary of the Socialist Party from 1997 to 2008, Mayor of Tulle from 2001 to 2008, and President of the Corrèze General Council from 2008 to 2012.

Hollande served in the National Assembly of France twice, first in 1988 to 1993, and then again in 2012 and 2012. Hollande, a born in Rouen and raised in Neuilly-sur-Seine, began his political career as a special advisor to newly elected President François Mitterrand before serving as a staffer for Max Gallo, the government's spokesperson.

He became a member of the National Assembly in 1988 and was elected First Secretary of the Socialist Party in 1997.

Hollande had been cited as a potential presidential candidate following the 2004 provincial elections won by the Socialists, but he resigned as First Secretary and was immediately elected to replace Jean-Pierre Dupont as President of the General Council of Corrèze.

Hollande declared in 2011 that he would run as a candidate in the primary election to elect the Socialist Party presidential nominee; he gained the nomination and was elected President of France on May 6th, 2012, with 56% of the vote against incumbent Nicolas Sarkozy. Hollande registered same-sex marriage during his time as president bypassing Bill no. 344, which updated labour policies and credit preparation services, welcomed French troops deployed in the Afghanistan military invasion and concluded a EU directive through a Franco-German agreement.

Early life and education

Hollande was born in Rouen on August 12, 1954. Nicole Frédérique Tribert (1927–2009), a social worker and throat surgeon, and Georges Gustave Hollande (1923–2020), a retired ear, nose, and throat doctor who "fought for local election on a far right ticket in 1959," says his father. The name "Hollande" means "one from Holland" in Hollande's ancestral land, Hauts-de-France, and is thought to be Dutch in origin. The first known member of the Holland family died in Plouvain in 1569, while the others were employed as a miller.

When Hollande was thirteen, the family migrated to Neuilly-sur-Seine, a very exclusive suburb of Paris. He attended Saint-Jean-Baptiste-Salle boarding school, a private Catholic school in Rouen, Mont-sur-Seine, graduating with a bachelor's degree in Law from Panthéon-Assas University in 1972. Hollande went to HEC Paris in 1975 and then attended the Institut d'études politiques de Paris and the École nationale d'administration (ENA). In 1977, he began serving in the French Army and became an Army soldier. In 1980, he graduated from the ENA and joined the prestigious Cour des comptes.

Hollande was a student at the University of Michigan in the summer of 1974. He was appointed as a councillor in the Court of Audit immediately after graduation.

Personal life

Ségolène Royal, a fellow Socialist politician, with whom he has four children, has four children: Thomas (1984), Clémence (1985), and Flora (1992). The couple announced in June 2007 that they were separating just a month after Royal's humiliatal in the French presidential election of 2004.

Valérie Trierweiler, a French journalist who was ousted from Ségolène Royalty, was published on a French website a few months after he was announced. In an interview with French weekly Télé 7 Jours, Trierweiler confirmed and openly discussed her relationship with Hollande in November 2007. She remained a reporter for the magazine Paris Match but she stopped reporting on political news. When Trierweiler became president, he and Hollande moved to Élyse Palace in Hollande and began to accompany him on official travel.

Hollande declared his estrangement from Valérie Trierweiler on January 25, 2014, shortly after the tabloid publication Closer revealed his affair with actress Julie Gayet. Merci pour ce moment, Trierweiler's book about her time with Hollande was published in September 2014 (Thank You for This Moment). According to the memoir, the president appeared to be disliking the wealthy, but the poor were feared the most. Hollande's retaliation and dismissal of the allegation, who said he had lived his life devoted to the underprivileged, prompted outrage and skepticism.

In Tulle, France, Hollande married actress Julie Gayet on June 4th, 2022.

Hollande was raised Catholic but later in life he became an agnostic. He now considers himself an atheist, but he still has a great admiration for all religious traditions.

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Early political career

Hollande joined the Socialist Party five years after volunteering as a student to work for François Mitterrand's ultimately unsuccessful campaign in the 1974 presidential election. He was quickly identified by Jacques Attali, a senior advisor to Mitterrand, who planned for Hollande to run in the 1981 presidential election in Corrèze against potential President Jacques Chirac, who was then the leader of the Rally for the Republic, a Neo-Gaullist group. In the first round, Hollande lost to Chirac.

He went on to serve as a special advisor to newly elected President Mitterrand before serving as a staffer for Max Gallo, the government's spokesperson. He ran for Corrèze for the second time in 1988, this time being elected to the National Assembly for the second time. Hollande lost his bid for re-election in the so-called "blue wave" of the 1993 election, which was attributed to the fact that the Right gained seats at the expense of the Socialist Party.

The Socialist Party was torn by internal internal faction conflicts, each trying to influence the party's course as Mitterrand's term in office came to an end. Hollande pleaded for reconciliation and for the party to unite behind Jacques Delors, the President of the European Commission, but Delors resigned from his ambitions to run for the French presidency in 1995. Lionel Jospin, the former head of the party, resurfaced, and Hollande was picked to replace Hollande as the official party spokesperson. In 1997, Hollande defeated Corrèze once more in the National Assembly, winning a second term.

Jospin became France's Prime Minister in the same year, and Hollande became the country's First Secretary of the party, a post he would hold for ten years. Hollande's position led to some people referring to him as the "Vice Prime Minister" due to his steadfast position within the French government during this period. Hollande will continue to be elected mayor of Tulle in 2001, a post he will hold for seven years.

Following Jospin's surprise defeat by far-right candidate Jean-Marie Le Pen in the first round of the 2002 presidential election, Hollande resigned from politics, making him the party's public face in the 2002 election. Although he managed to minimize losses and was re-elected in his own constituency, the Socialists lost nationally. He obtained the support of several well-known figures of the party in order to prepare for the 2003 party congress in Dijon, and was re-elected first secretary against the opposition from left-wing factions.

Following the success of the Left in the 2004 regional elections, Hollande was considered a potential presidential candidate, but the Socialists were split on the European Constitution, and Hollande's support for the ill-fated "Yes" position in the French referendum on the European constitution contributed to internal divisions. Although Hollande was re-elected as the first secretary of the Le Mans Congress in 2005, the party's control began to diminish. Ségolène Royal, the party's domestic partner, was eventually elected to represent the party in the 2007 presidential election, where she would face Nicolas Sarkozy.

Hollande was widely criticized for the Socialist Party's poor results in the 2007 election, and he has confirmed that he would not seek another term as First Secretary. Hollande has expressed support for Bertrand Delano, the city's mayor, but Martine Aubry was the one to win the election to replace him in 2008. Hollande was first elected to replace Jean-Pierre Dupont as the president of the GM of Corrèze in April 2008 and gained re-election in 2011.

In early 2011, Hollande declared that he would run as a candidate in the forthcoming primary election to choose the Socialist and Radical Left Party presidential nominee. This was the first time either party had an open primary to choose a joint candidate at the same time. Dominique Strauss-Kahn, the front-runner, former finance minister and International Monetary Fund managing director, first tagging him. Following Strauss-Kahn's arrest on suspicion of sexual harassment in New York City in May 2011, Hollande began to lead opinion polls, and Strauss-Kahn announced that he did not run for the nomination. Hollande led the first round of the first round in September after a series of televised debates with other candidates throughout September. He did not get the required 50% to prevent a run-off election, but was forced to run a second time against Martine Aubry, who had finished second with 30 percent of the vote.

On October 16, 2011, the second election was held. Hollande gained 56% of the vote to Aubry's 43%, making him the official Socialist and Radical Left Party nominee for the 2012 presidential election. All of his leading candidates in the primary – Aubry, Ségolène Royal, Arnaud Montebourg, and Manuel Valls – have pledged their support for him in the general election.

Pierre Moscovici and Stéphane Le Foll, both a member of Parliament and Member of the European Parliament, respectively, over Hollande's presidential campaign. On Sunday, Hollande launched his campaign officially with a rally and major address at Le Bourget, in front of 25,000 people. Equality and financial control were two of the key issues of his speech, both of which he promised to make a significant part of his campaign.

In a manifesto containing 60 proposals, including segregating retail investment banks from dangerous investment-banking jobs; raising taxes on major corporations, banks, and the wealthy; and removing French troops from Afghanistan in 2012. In a major speech in Orléans on February 9, he outlined his reforms specifically relating to education.

President Nicolas Sarkozy announced on February that he would seek a second and final term, chastising the Socialist agendas and predicting that Hollande will result in "economic disaster within two days of taking office." According to opinion polls, a close fight between the two guys in the first round of voting, with the majority of polls showing Hollande comfortably ahead of Sarkozy in a hypothetical second round. On the first round of the presidential election, the first round was held on April 22nd. François Hollande won with 28.63% of the vote and met Nicolas Sarkozy in a run-off. Hollande was elected with 56% of the vote in the second round of voting on May 6, 2012.

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